Table 2.
Statistical associations of incident clinical AIDS with patient characteristics and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)–I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)–3 levels in age-adjusted Cox regression models.
| Variable | HR (95% CI)a | Ptrendb |
|---|---|---|
| Age group (age as the only covariate) | ||
| 26–29 years | 1.78 (0.58–5.48) | |
| 30–35 years | 2.28 (0.81–6.42) | |
| 36–45 years | 2.34 (0.84–6.52) | |
| >45 years | 1.34 (0.39–4.58) | |
| <26 years old | Reference | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.16 (0.66–2.06) | |
| Hispanic | 1.24 (0.64–2.24) | |
| Other | 0.38 (0.05–2.91) | |
| White | Reference | |
| CD4+ T cell count | <.001 | |
| <200 cells/mm3 | 2.92 (1.74–4.87)*** | |
| 200–350 cells/mm3 | 1.15 (0.64–2.09) | |
| >350–500 cells/mm3 | 0.86 (0.45–1.62) | |
| >500 cells/mm3 | Reference | |
| HIV RNA level | <.001 | |
| >100,000 copies/mL | 3.60 (2.07–6.28)*** | |
| 20,001–100,000 copies/mL | 1.88 (1.07–3.30)* | |
| 4000–20,000 copies/mL | 1.52 (0.82–2.80) | |
| <4000 copies/mL | Reference | |
| AZT use | 1.84 (1.20–2.81)*** | |
| Body mass index | ||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 3.37 (1.37–8.28)*** | |
| Normal weight (18.5–25.0 kg/m2) | 1.09 (0.64–1.85) | |
| Overweight (>25.0–30.0 kg/m2) | 1.45 (0.86–2.44) | |
| Obese (>30.0 kg/m2) | Reference | |
| IGF-1 level | ||
| First quartile | 1.21 (0.71–2.09) | |
| Second quartile | 0.75 (0.40–1.39) | |
| Third quartile | 0.95 (0.53–1.70) | |
| Fourth quartile | Reference | |
| IGFBP-3 level | ||
| Fourth quartile | 1.52 (0.86–2.63) | |
| Third quartile | 1.43 (0.85–2.38) | |
| Second quartile | 1.28 (0.76–2.17) | |
| First quartile | Reference | |
| Current smoker | 1.38 (0.93–2.05) | |
| Injection drug use | ||
| History of | 1.44 (0.94–2.20) | |
| Current | 1.28 (0.64–2.52) | |
| No history of | Reference | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Light drinker (<3 drinks/week) | 0.84 (0.54–1.34) | |
| Moderate drinker (3–13 drinks/week) | 0.78 (0.44–1.44) | |
| Heavy drinker (>13 drinks/week) | 1.34 (0.70–2.62) | |
| Abstains | Reference | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||
| ≥11 g/dL | 1.88 (1.16–3.05)** | |
| >11 g/dL | Reference | |
| HCV seropositive | 2.09 (1.40–3.12)*** | |
| Elevated ALT level | 1.50 (0.96–2.36) | |
| Elevated AST level | 1.88 (1.25–2.82)*** | |
| Low albumin level | 0.59 (0.22–1.59) | |
| All liver tests (ALT, AST, albumin) | ||
| All results abnormal | 1.91 (1.26–2.90)*** | |
| 1–2 test results abnormal | 0.70 (0.26–1.94) | |
| All results normal | Reference | |
NOTE. The 101 first AIDS events were as follows: 17% esophageal candidiasis, 15% herpes simplex, 13% encephalopathy, 12% pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, 10% recurrent pneumonia, 8% tuberculosis, 6% wasting syndrome, 4% Mycobacterium avium complex, 3% cryptococcosis, and 12% other (i.e., <2% each for cervical cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, toxoplasmosis, uterine cancer, skin cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cytomegalovirus [CMV], CMV retinitis, and histoplasmosis). ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; AZT, azidothymidine; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
Ptrend is reported only for ordinal data and only if statistically significant (i.e., <.05).