Fig 1.

Analysis of memory cytokine responses to CMV by infection group. (A) Cell culture supernatants from PBMC stimulated with CMV were analyzed for secreted IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10 and as described in the section on “Materials and Methods.” Levels of secreted IL-4 and IL-5 were low or undetectable, and not significantly different between the groups (data not shown). Bars represent group means of individual cytokine indexes. Note the different scales used to allow for visualization of responses in all groups. Levels of secreted IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10 were not statistically different between HCV+ women (black bars) and healthy controls (striped bars). Above the indicated bars: *1, p < 0.05 compared to HIV+/HCV+ women (gray bars); *2, p < 0.05 compared to HIV+ women (white bars). (B) Depletion of CD4+ T cells abolishes the cytokine responses to CMV (IL-4 and IL-5 were below the detection limit of the assay both before and after depletion). Data (from a HCV+ patient) representative of 8 control experiments with similar results performed in singly infected women and healthy controls.