Table 1.
Description of U.S. based studies of heroin use and aging
| Source | Study Dates | Location | Data Collection | N | Mean Age (Range or SD) | Race/Ethnicitya |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | AA | Hispanic | Asian | Other | ||||||
| Anderson & Levy, 2003; Levy & Anderson, 2005 | NR | Chicago | Semi-structured interview | 40 | NR (50–68) | NR | 38 | NR | NR | NR |
| Connor & Rosen, 2008; Smith & Rosen, 2009 | 2005 | Midwestern city | Semi-structured interview | 24 | 58.4 (52–68) | 10 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Firoz & Carlson, 2004 | 1995–2000 | Midwestern city | Structured interview, medical chart review | 54 | 62.4 (55–82) | 17 | 14 | NR | 17 | 6 |
| Hamilton & Grella, 2009 | NR | Los Angeles | Focus groups | 38 | NR (50–61+) | 11 | 21 | 3 | NR | 3 |
| Hser et al., 2001; Hser, 2007 | 1962–1997 | Los Angeles | Longitudinal structured interview, medical chart review | 242 | 57.4 (4.0) | 89 | 17 | 136 | 0 | 0 |
| Hser et al., 2004 | 1996–1997 | Los Angeles | Longitudinal structured interview, medical chart review | 108 | 58.4 (3.8) | 38 | 8 | 62 | 0 | 0 |
| Hser et al., 2007 | 1962–1997 | Los Angeles | Longitudinal structured interview, medical chart review | 239 | 57.0 (4.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Lofwall et al., 2005 | NR | Baltimore | Structured interview, medical chart review | 41 | 53.9 (50–66) | 14 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Rajaratnam et al., 2009 | NR | New York City | Structured interview, medical chart review | 46 | NR (55–65+) | 8 | 27 | 9 | 0 | 2 |
| Rosen, 2004 | 2002 | Midwestern city | Structured interview | 143 | NR (50–60+) | 64 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rosen et al., 2008 | NR | Midwestern city | Structured interview | 140 | 53.9 (4.01) | 67 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Note. AA: African American; NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation. All studies were convenience samples.
a
Frequency of study participants is reported for each race/ethnicity.