TABLE 1.
Selected baseline characteristics of 438 randomly assigned women in the Nutrition and Exercise in Women (NEW) trial (Seattle, WA)1
| Variable | Control | Exercise | Diet | Diet + exercise |
| No. of subjects | 87 | 117 | 118 | 116 |
| Age (y) | 57.4 ± 4.42 | 58.1 ± 5.0 | 58.1 ± 5.9 | 58.0 ± 4.4 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 85.1 | 83.8 | 85.6 | 85.3 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 6.9 | 12.8 | 7.6 | 4.3 |
| Hispanic | 3.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 4.3 |
| Other3 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 5.1 | 6.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.2 ± 12.5 | 83.7 ± 12.3 | 84.0 ± 11.8 | 82.6 ± 10.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 ± 3.9 | 30.7 ± 3.7 | 31.1 ± 3.9 | 31.0 ± 4.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.8 ± 10.2 | 95.1 ± 10.1 | 94.6 ± 10.2 | 93.7 ± 9.9 |
| Body fat (%) | 47.3 ± 4.4 | 47.3 ± 4.1 | 47.0 ± 4.3 | 47.4 ± 4.5 |
| Lean mass (%) | 48.5 ± 4.3 | 48.3 ± 3.9 | 48.7 ± 4.2 | 48.4 ± 4.4 |
| Pedometer steps (no./d)4 | 5605 ± 2334 | 5777 ± 2129 | 5539 ± 2257 | 5952 ± 2354 |
| Average dietary intake from FFQ | ||||
| Total energy (kcal/d)5 | 1988 ± 669 | 1986 ± 589 | 1884 ± 661 | 1894 ± 639 |
| Relative fat (% of energy)6 | 35.6 ± 6.9 | 33.6 ± 6.9 | 33.1 ± 6.3 | 35.3 ± 7.3 |
| Baseline dietary calcium intake (mg) | 1042 ± 556 | 1081 ± 550 | 1018 ± 500 | 1050 ± 482 |
| 12-mo Dietary calcium intake (mg) | 941 ± 475 | 1006 ± 394 | 1040 ± 465 | 1071 ± 442 |
| Regular users of calcium-containing supplements7 | ||||
| Baseline (% of users) | 47.4 | 40.2 | 48.7 | 47.8 |
| Daily intake in baseline users (mg/d) | 575 ± 449 | 612 ± 459 | 508 ± 423 | 625 ± 438 |
| 12 mo (% of users) | 41.4 | 31.6 | 35.6 | 39.6 |
| Daily intake among 12-mo users (mg/d) | 601 ± 464 | 541 ± 408 | 483 ± 364 | 588 ± 462 |
| Baseline dietary vitamin D intake (μg) | 6.2 ± 4.4 | 6.1 ± 3.8 | 5.9 ± 3.4 | 6.2 ± 3.8 |
| 12-mo Dietary vitamin D intake (μg) | 5.4 ± 3.4 | 5.4 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 3.7 | 6.4 ± 3.4 |
| Regular users of vitamin D–containing supplements7 | ||||
| Baseline (% of users) | 54.0 | 42.7 | 52.5 | 50.0 |
| Daily intake among baseline users (IU/d) | 447 ± 207 | 595 ± 401 | 540 ± 427 | 538 ± 333 |
| 12 mo (% of users) | 42.5 | 31.6 | 38.1 | 43.1 |
| Daily intake in 12-mo users (IU/d) | 820 ± 1592 | 850 ± 959 | 741 ± 955 | 738 ± 797 |
| Serum hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 22.7 ± 9.7 | 21.8 ± 9.0 | 22.0 ± 8.0 | 23.7 ± 9.0 |
1
FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire. Differences between the 4 arms were tested by using ANOVA. No significant differences were detected, except in daily calories (P = 0.02) consumed as fat.
2
Arithmetic mean ± SD (all such values).
3
Includes American Indian, Asian, and unknown.
4
7-d average.
5
Values derived from the FFQ were truncated: <600 kcal and >4000 kcal.
6
Percentage of energy from fat = (total calories from fat/total daily intake).
7
Self-reported regular use.