TABLE 4.

Mean 12-mo changes in body composition (weight, body fat, and lean mass) by baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in postmenopausal women¹

	Baseline 25(OH)D
	<20.0 ng/mL			20.0–29.9 ng/mL			≥30.0 ng/mL
	No. of subjects	Change2	Percentage change	No. of subjects	Change2	Percentage change	No. of subjects	Change2	Percentage change	P for trend4
		kg	%		kg	%		kg	%
Control
Weight	31	−0.9 ± 5.2	−0.8 ± 5.9	33	−0.8 ± 5.1	−0.9 ± 5.6	15	0.6 ± 3.2	0.7 ± 3.5	0.11
Body fat	31	0.1 ± 3.5	0.6 ± 4.2	33	−1.1 ± 4.2	−0.9 ± 2.6	15	0.2 ± 2.8	−0.1 ± 1.9	0.42
Lean mass	31	−0.3 ± 1.5	0.3 ± 2.8	33	0.4 ± 2.0	1.0 ± 2.4	15	0.0 ± 1.9	−0.3 ± 2.3	0.06
Exercise
Weight	53	−2.0 ± 3.3	−2.2 ± 3.6	32	−2.3 ± 4.8	−2.8 ± 5.8	20	−2.9 ± 4.0	−3.4 ± 4.6	0.38
Body fat	53	−2.0 ± 2.7	−1.4 ± 2.1	32	−2.7 ± 4.5	−2.2 ± 3.5	20	−2.6 ± 3.6	−1.9 ± 3.1	0.14
Lean mass	53	0.3 ± 2.0	1.7 ± 2.2	32	0.6 ± 2.0	2.2 ± 3.4	20	−0.1 ± 2.0	1.9 ± 3.3	0.09
Diet
Weight	41	−7.0 ± 7.1	−8.2 ± 7.7	48	−9.4 ± 5.8	−11.4 ± 7.4	15	−7.3 ± 4.9	−9.5 ± 6.2	0.90
Body fat	41	−6.0 ± 6.3	−3.7 ± 4.2	48	−8.0 ± 5.4	−5.6 ± 5.2	15	−6.6 ± 4.7	−4.8 ± 4.0	0.12
Lean mass	41	−0.8 ± 1.5	3.6 ± 4.5	48	−1.1 ± 1.9	5.4 ± 5.0	15	−0.4 ± 1.6	4.9 ± 4.1	0.17
Diet + exercise
Weight	40	−10.2 ± 6.2	−11.9 ± 7.0	43	−11.3 ± 7.1	−11.3 ± 7.1	25	−9.1 ± 4.1	−11.6 ± 5.1	0.53
Body fat	40	−9.0 ± 5.7	−5.6 ± 4.6	43	−8.5 ± 5.6	−6.3 ± 5.0	25	−9.0 ± 3.8	−7.3 ± 4.0	0.45
Lean mass	40	−1.0 ± 2.3	5.3 ± 4.6	43	−0.5 ± 1.7	6.0 ± 5.0	25	0.3 ± 1.4	7.4 ±3.9	0.18

¹Analysis based on available data without imputation for missing values.

²Values are arithmetic means ± SDs.

³Calculated as 12-mo change (%) − baseline (%).

⁴P for trend across serum 25(OH)D groups, adjusted for race-ethnicity (white, other), season of random assignment, and total (diet + supplement) vitamin D intake.