TABLE 3.

Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, by quintile (Q) of cumulative total caffeine consumption, in women with cardiovascular disease

	Cumulative caffeine consumption
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P for trend
Death from all causes
Person-years	11,690	11,718	11,708	11,748	11,669
No. of deaths	212	227	234	251	235
Age- and smoking-adjusted RR	1.0	1.05 (0.87, 1.26)	1.03 (0.86, 1.25)	1.11 (0.92, 1.33)	0.97 (0.80, 1.17)	0.94
Multivariable-adjusted RR1	1.0	1.00 (0.83, 1.21)	1.04 (0.86, 1.26)	1.11 (0.92, 1.34)	0.94 (0.77, 1.14)	0.88
Death from cardiovascular disease
No. of deaths	112	119	111	118	119
Age- and smoking-adjusted RR	1.0	1.04 (0.80, 1.35)	0.93 (0.71, 1.21)	0.99 (0.76, 1.29)	0.94 (0.72, 1.22)	0.51
Multivariable-adjusted RR1	1.0	0.99 (0.76, 1.29)	0.90 (0.69, 1.18)	0.99 (0.76, 1.30)	0.95 (0.72, 1.25)	0.70

¹Adjusted for age (5-y categories), smoking status (never, past, or current: 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d), BMI (in kg/m²; <23.0, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–27.9, 28.0–29.9, or ≥30.0), physical activity (<1.5, 1.0–5.9, 6.0–11.9, 12.0–20.9, or ≥21.0 metabolic equivalent hours/wk), alcohol intake (never or 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/d), parental history of myocardial infarction, menopausal status and use of hormone therapy (premenopausal, postmenopausal without hormone therapy, postmenopausal with past hormone therapy, or postmenopausal with current hormone therapy), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, medication use (aspirin, diuretics, β blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, other blood pressure medications, statins, other cholesterol-lowering drugs, insulin, or oral diabetic medications), and dietary factors (daily multivitamin and vitamin E supplement use, total energy intake, glycemic load, folate intake, and quintiles of polyunsaturated, saturated, total n−3, and trans fat intakes).