TABLE 4.

Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, by caffeinated coffee consumption during the 2 y after the CVD event, in women with cardiovascular disease

	Coffee consumption during the 2 y after the CVD event1
	<1 cup/mo	1 cup/mo to 4 cups/wk	5–7 cups/wk	2–3 cups/d	≥4 cups/d	P for trend
Death from all causes
Person-years	8756	2664	4689	4561	1064
No. of deaths	129	39	82	52	13
Age- and smoking-adjusted RR	1.0	1.01 (0.70, 1.45)	1.12 (0.84, 1.48)	0.72 (0.52, 1.00)	0.77 (0.42, 1.43)	0.09
Multivariable-adjusted RR2	1.0	1.08 (0.74, 1.57)	1.12 (0.83, 1.50)	0.77 (0.55, 1.09)	0.70 (0.37, 1.32)	0.11
Death from CVD
No. of deaths	57	16	32	21	7
Age- and smoking-adjusted RR	1.0	0.97 (0.55, 1.72)	1.05 (0.67, 1.63)	0.66 (0.39, 1.12)	0.89 (0.37, 2.14)	0.35
Multivariable-adjusted RR2	1.0	0.93 (0.51, 1.68)	1.01 (0.63, 1.64)	0.70 (0.40, 1.23)	0.81 (0.31, 2.14)	0.41

¹1 cup = 240 mL.

²Adjusted for age (5-y categories), smoking status (never, past, or current: 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d), BMI (in kg/m²; <23.0, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–27.9, 28.0–29.9, or ≥30.0), physical activity (<1.5, 1.0–5.9, 6.0–11.9, 12.0–20.9, or ≥21.0 metabolic equivalent hours/wk), alcohol intake (never or 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/d), parental history of myocardial infarction, menopausal status and use of hormone therapy (premenopausal, postmenopausal without hormone therapy, postmenopausal with past hormone therapy, or postmenopausal with current hormone therapy), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, medication use (aspirin, diuretics, β blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, other blood pressure medications, statins, other cholesterol-lowering drugs, insulin, or oral diabetic medications), and dietary factors (daily multivitamin and vitamin E supplement use, total energy intake, glycemic load, folate intake, and quintiles of polyunsaturated, saturated, total n−3, and trans fat intakes).