TABLE 3.
Baseline and follow-up nutrient intakes at years 1, 3, and 6 in Dietary Modification trial intervention (DM-I) and comparison (DM-C) participants with glucose and insulin measurements
| Nutrient intake estimate |
|||||||||||
| Baseline |
Year 1 |
Year 3 |
Year 6 |
Difference in change between groups |
|||||||
| DM-I (n = 888) | DM-C (n = 1366) | DM-I (n = 865) | DM-C (n = 1329) | DM-I (n = 631) | DM-C (n = 940) | DM-I (n = 765) | DM-C (n = 1171) | Year 1 | Year 3 | Year 6 | |
| Total energy (kcal) | 1817 ± 755 | 1761 ± 756 | 1523 ± 593 | 1591 ± 739 | 1503 ± 589 | 1558 ± 670 | 1431 ± 538 | 1534 ± 670 | −131 ± 6761 | −128 ± 6571 | −169(718)1 |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 37.6 ± 4.9 | 38.1 ± 5.1 | 25.4 ± 7.7 | 35.6 ± 7.0 | 26.8 ± 8.0 | 36.5 ± 6.8 | 29.2 ± 8.5 | 37.1 ± 7.3 | −9.8 ± 7.31 | −9.1 ± 7.31 | −7.4 ± 7.81 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 12.3 ± 2.3 | 12.6 ± 2.5 | 8.2 ± 2.8 | 11.8 ± 2.9 | 8.7 ± 3.0 | 12.0 ± 2.9 | 9.4 ± 3.2 | 12.2 ± 3.1 | −3.2 ± 3.01 | −3.0 ± 3.01 | −2.5 ± 3.21 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 2.1 | 6.3 ± 2.4 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | −1.9 ± 2.21 | −1.8 ± 2.31 | −1.4 ± 2.51 |
| trans Fat (% of energy) | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | −0.9 ± 1.11 | −0.8 ± 1.21 | −0.6 ± 1.21 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 46.2 ± 6.1 | 45.7 ± 6.3 | 58.0 ± 8.9 | 48.0 ± 8.2 | 56.6 ± 9.5 | 47.1 ± 8.0 | 54.0 ± 10.0 | 46.2 ± 8.9 | 9.5 ± 8.21 | 9.0 ± 8.31 | 7.6 ± 9.11 |
| Sugars (% of energy) | 21.6 ± 6.1 | 21.6 ± 5.9 | 28.2 ± 7.9 | 23.4 ± 7.3 | 27.9 ± 7.9 | 22.9 ± 7.0 | 26.8 ± 7.8 | 22.8 ± 7.7 | 4.8 ± 6.81 | 4.9 ± 7.01 | 4.2 ± 7.31 |
| Glycemic index | 53.0 ± 3.4 | 53.2 ± 3.5 | 52.8 ± 3.4 | 52.8 ± 3.8 | 52.1 ± 3.5 | 52.3 ± 3.8 | 51.3 ± 4.3 | 51.6 ± 4.5 | 0.3 ± 3.5 | 0.0 ± 3.7 | 0.0 ± 4.5 |
| Glycemic load (g/d) | 102.7 ± 45.0 | 99.2 ± 45.6 | 107.1 ± 45.9 | 92.2 ± 44.5 | 100.9 ± 41.4 | 88.0 ± 41.1 | 90.6 ± 37.9 | 83.4 ± 38.5 | 11.1 ± 42.81 | 8.7 ± 41.61 | 4.0 ± 44.2 |
| Dietary fiber (g/d) | 15.6 ± 6.7 | 14.8 ± 6.6 | 17.9 ± 8.2 | 14.4 ± 6.9 | 17.9 ± 8.1 | 14.3 ± 6.7 | 16.9 ± 7.5 | 14.1 ± 6.8 | 2.7 ± 6.61 | 2.5 ± 6.71 | 1.8 ± 7.11 |
| Vegetables and fruit (servings/d) | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 2.01 | 1.2 ± 2.11 | 1.0 ± 2.21 |
| Grains (servings/d) | 4.9 ± 2.8 | 4.7 ± 2.6 | 5.2 ± 3.0 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 4.7 ± 2.6 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 0.7 ± 2.81 | 0.5 ± 2.71 | 0.3 ± 2.72 |
| Whole grains (servings/d) | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.81 | 0.2 ± 0.81 | 0.2 ± 0.91 |
1
P < 0.001 (2-sample paired t test).
2
P < 0.05 (2-sample paired t test).