Anaerobic, nitrate-dependent U(IV) oxidation by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 under growth conditions in basal bicarbonate buffer (pH 6.8, N2-CO2 headspace) containing chemically precipitated UO2 and nitrate. •, live cells, ▪, pasteurized cells; ○, live cells amended with sodium azide (electron transport inhibitor); ▴, live cells with U(IV) only (no nitrate). Symbols represent average results for triplicate cultures. Error bars denote standard error of measure.