Table 5.
Estimated Relative Risk (Hazard Ratio) of Death from CVD Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥20 Years with Both Diagnosed Diabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes (A1C≥6.5%) According to Serum Non-HDL-C Concentrations, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality Study, 1988-2006
| Cause of death | Serum non-HDL-C concentration (mg/dL) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35-129 | 130-189 | 190-403 | P-valuea | |
| Unadjusted risk estimates | ||||
| Total CVD | 1 [Ref] | 0.93 (0.63-1.38) | 1.55 (1.03-2.34) | 0.033 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1 [Ref] | 0.87 (0.5-1.51) | 1.44 (0.87-2.38) | 0.14 |
| Stroke | 1 [Ref] | 3.34 (1.17-9.52) | 3.87 (1.54-9.76) | 0.0033 |
| Other CVD | 1 [Ref] | 0.66 (0.32-1.36) | 1.42 (0.74-2.71) | 0.28 |
| Adjusted risk estimates | ||||
| Total CVD | 1 [Ref] | 0.95 (0.63-1.45) | 1.53 (0.95-2.45) | 0.072 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1 [Ref] | 0.91 (0.50-1.65) | 1.51 (0.88-2.59) | 0.13 |
| Stroke | 1 [Ref] | 3.44 (1.23-9.63) | 4.33 (1.63-11.49) | 0.0026 |
| Other CVD | 1 [Ref] | 0.58 (0.26-1.31) | 1.01 (0.45-2.24) | 0.99 |
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ref, reference value.
a T-tests were used for testing linear trends. Age was the time scale in the Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Relative risks (hazard ratios) and their 95% CIs were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, diabetes duration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, serum HDL-C concentration, glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, and self-reported use of prescribed medicine to lower blood cholesterol.
N = 1,647 participants with diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (i.e., glycated hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%).