Interaction of FIH-1 and HIF-1α in human cells. Human 293 cells were co-transfected with expression vectors encoding HA–FIH-1, FLAG–VHL, and HIF-1α, as indicated. The transfected cells were untreated, exposed to MG132, or subjected to hypoxia (1% O2) prior to lysis. Aliquots of whole cell lysate (WCL) and anti-HA immunoprecipitate (IP) were analyzed by immunoblot (IB) assay with antibodies that recognize HIF-1α (top) and HA (bottom).