Table 3.

Maximum and minimum values of joint moments in stance during downslope (−50%), level (0%) and upslope (50%) walking before and after denervation of SO and LG muscles

Joint	Variable	Denervation	Downslope	Level	Upslope
Ankle	max.	before	0.20 ± 0.06	0.22 ± 0.05	0.33 ± 0.06
		after	0.20 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.04	0.35 ± 0.07*
	values at max.	before	0.11 ± 0.05	0.15 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.06
	difference	after	0.16 ± 0.07*	0.20 ± 0.03*	0.29 ± 0.06*
	T0-crossing	before	88 ± 10	91 ± 6	94 ± 3
		after	88 ± 9	96 ± 2*	96 ± 2*
Knee	max.	before	0.20 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.05
		after	0.19 ± 0.08	0.18 ± 0.03*	0.15 ± 0.03*
	min.	before	−0.03 ± 0.01	−0.04 ± 0.01	−0.09 ± 0.04
		after	−0.03 ± 0.01	−0.04 ± 0.02	−0.10 ± 0.05
	T0-crossing	before	11 ± 6	13 ± 5	27 ± 8
		after	19 ± 16*	14 ± 7*	33 ± 9
Hip	max.	before	0.07 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.08
		after	0.07 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.04*	0.37 ± 0.10
	min.	before	−0.26 ± 0.03	−0.18 ± 0.04	−0.16 ± 0.05
		after	−0.25 ± 0.07	−0.18 ± 0.04	−0.15 ± 0.05*
	T0-crossing	before	23 ± 7	47 ± 17	68 ± 5
		after	26 ± 8*	43 ± 12*	70 ± 11*

Data are means ± SD given in Nm/kg. T_0-crossing = Time instance (in % of stance time) when the moment crosses zero. Values at maximum difference occurred at the instant indicated by arrows in figure 5. Data of 5 cats (cat No. 3 was excluded from the data set due to its atypical kinematic patterns); total number of analyzed cycles for different walking conditions ranged between 52 and 116.

^*p < 0.05, postdenervation value is significantly different from the corresponding value before denervation.