Table 1.

Study and intervention characteristics of the 19 studies

1st Author, publication date	Study population	Baseline sample size	Intervention strategiesa
Country		# Arms	Intervention duration
RCTs
Apinundecha [25], 2008	Community	66	I, SB, CS, T
Thailand		2	8 months
Ashworth [26], 1994	Women in WIC program	217	I
United States		3	15–18 min
Gill [27], 1993	Students (6th grade)	257	I
Canada		2	200 min
Klepp [28], 1997	Students (6th grade)	1,063	I
Tanzania		2	20 h
Knaus [29], 1999	Students (College)	416	I
United States		2	1-time attending quilt display
Krauss [30], 2006	Parents and pre-adolescent children	238	I
United States		3	12 h
Markham [31], 2000	Students (High school)	1,491	I, SB, T
United States		2	2 years
Stewart [32], 1999	Providers (Nurses)	88	I
United Kingdom		2	90 min
Wu [33], 2008	Providers	138	I, SB, T
China		2	4 h
Non-randomized control group studies
Fawole [34], 1999	Students (High school)	450	I, SB
Nigeria		2	6 weeks
Kuhn [35], 1994	Students (High school)	567	I
South Africa		2	2 weeks
Lueveswanij [36], 2000	Providers (Oral health)	139	I, SB, T
Thailand		2	3 days
Merakou [37], 2006	Students (High school)	702	I
Greece		2	1 year
Norr [38], 2004	Working women	403	I
Botswana		2	6, 90-min sessions
Yang [24], 2004	Community	490b	I, CS
China		1b	1 year
Pretest/posttest one group studies
Pisal [39], 2007	Providers (Nurses)	371	I, SB, CS, T
India		1	4 days
Rounds [23], 1995	PLWHA	18	I, CS
United States		1	6 h, 1 h/week
Sowell [40], 1998	Providers (Nurses)	173	I
United States		1	3 years
Zachariah [22], 1998	Providers (Nurses)	35	I
United States		1	1 h

^aBrown et al.’s [25] classification of types of intervention strategies: informational approaches (I), skill building (SB), counseling/support (CS), and PLWHA testimonials (T)

^bFor the Yang [24] study, a non-randomized control group study design was reported, but the baseline sample size (and subsequent findings) only was reported for the intervention group