FIGURE 4:

Inhibitors of pan-PKC, PKCδ, and NF-κB prevent replication of RSV and the epithelial cell responses in HNECs infected with RSV. Western blot (A) for claudin-4 and RSV/G protein, real-time PCR (B) for claudin-4, ELISA (C) for IL-8 and TNF-α, immunostaining for claudin-4 (D) and RSV/G protein (E), and SEM images (F) of HNECs pretreated with inhibitors of pan-PKC, PKCδ, and NF-κB 30 min before infection with RSV at an MOI of 1 for 24 h. GF: pan-PKC inhibitor GF109203X; iPKCδ: PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin; IMD: NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354. Data are means ± SEM, *p < 0.01 compared with control, ^#p < 0.01 compared with RSV. Bars of D and E: 40 μm, Bars of F: 1 μm.