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. 2011 Jul 1;6(7):e21709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021709

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Scharf et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) Photograph showing host and symbiont fractions used in the current research. (B) Drawing of the R. flavipes worker digestive tract showing the esophagus (E), salivary glands (SG), foregut (FG), midgut (MG), Malpighian tubules (MT), and hindgut (HG) with the paunch that houses microbial symbionts. Gut regions that served as host and symbiont fractions in the current study are indicated. (C) Common protozoan hindgut symbionts of R. flavipes: Dinenympha (Din.), Pyrsonympha (Pyrs.), Trichonympha (Tricho.), Spirotrichonympha (Spiro.), and Holomastigotes (Holo.). Termite gut photo by J.A. Smith.