Table 6. Comparison of qualitative mode-of-inheritance of QTL and epistatic interactions between different phenotypic categories.

Mode-of-inheritance§category		Sign	Fifteen yield-correlated traits				Nine metabolic traits	P t-test
			With heterosis	Without heterosis	P t-test	Total
Identified QTL	A	-	11.2% (19)	12.7%(28)	0.834	12.1%(47)	22.1%(43)	0.197
		+	11.2% (19)	13.6%(30)	0.130	12.6%(49)	10.8%(21)	0.914
		P t-test	0.6024	0.293		0.923	0.105
	PD	-	21.8%(37)	23.2%(51)	0.483	22.6%(88)	31.8%(62)	0.151
		+	27.1%(46)	25.9%(57)	0.682	26.4%(103)	26.7%(52)	0.650
		P t-test	0.156	0.250		0.079	0.287
	D	-	2.9%(5)	6.4%(14)	0.123	4.9%(19)	2.1%(4)	0.122
		+	8.8%(15)	9.1%(20)	0.222	9.0%(35)	3.1%(6)	0.048
		P t-test	0.105	0.214		0.063	0.342
	OD	-	2.4%(4)	2.3%(5)	0.843	2.3%(9)	3.1%(6)	0.565
		+	14.7%(25)	6.8%(15)	0.109	10.3%(40)	0.5%(1)	0.000
		P t-test	0.002	0.305		0.003	0.339
	total	-	38.2%(65)	44.5%(98)		41.8%(163)	59.0%(115)
		+	61.8%(105)	55.5%(122)		58.2%(227)	41.0%(80)
Epistatic interactions	AA	-	33.6%(72)	35.0%(48)	0.8774	34.2%(120)	30.1%(53)	0.078
		+	28.5%(61)	30.7%(42)	0.7052	29.3%(103)	30.7%(57)	0.353
		P t-test	0.096	0.479		0.090	0.350
	AD/DA	-	14.0%(30)	13.1%(18)	0.5892	13.7%(48)	12.5%(22)	0.423
		+	11.2%(24)	12.4%(17)	0.8892	11.7%(41)	10.2%(18)	0.705
		P t-test	0.362	0.955		0.463	0.802
	DD	-	6.1%(13)	4.4%(6)	0.9934	5.49%(19)	2.8%(5)	0.335
		+	6.5%(14)	4.4%(6)	0.2891	5.7%(20)	8.0%(14)	0.253
		P t-test	0.485	0.708		0.752	0.859	0.078
	total	-	53.7%(115)	52.6%(72)		53.3%(187)	47.3%(80)
		+	46.3%(99)	47.4%(65)		46.7%(164)	52.7%(89)

^§The abbreviations of the Mode-of-inheritance categories. A: additive; PD: partial-dominant; D: dominant; OD: over-dominant; AA: additive × additive; AD/DA: additive × dominant/dominant × additive; DD: dominant × dominant.