Table 2. Adjusted means and standard errors of SF-36 according to frailty statuses.
| Robust(1) | Pre-frail(2) | Frail(3) | ANCOVA | Multiple post-hoc comparison | ||||
| Variable | Adjusted‡ mean | SE | Adjusted‡ mean | SE | Adjusted mean | SE |
F value
|
|
| PF | 85.66 | 1.32 | 80.62 | 1.25 | 62.74 | 1.96 | 56.46** | 1>2>3 |
| RP | 93.95 | 2.67 | 83.26 | 2.52 | 78.16 | 3.96 | 12.13*** | 1>(2, 3) |
| BP | 83.49 | 1.34 | 81.23 | 1.26 | 74.29 | 1.99 | 8.89*** | 1>2>3 |
| GH | 66.96 | 1.57 | 60.55 | 1.48 | 49.22 | 2.33 | 25.95*** | 1>2>3 |
| VT | 77.69 | 1.51 | 72.13 | 1.42 | 63.15 | 2.24 | 19.45*** | 1>2>3 |
| SF | 95.94 | 1.21 | 91.57 | 1.14 | 80.17 | 1.79 | 32.45*** | 1>2>3 |
| RE | 94.38 | 2.21 | 87.28 | 2.08 | 85.90 | 3.28 | 7.01*** | 1>(2, 3) |
| MH | 82.31 | 1.33 | 79.69 | 1.25 | 73.67 | 1.97 | 8.17*** | 1>2>3 |
| PCS | 50.48 | 0.53 | 48.01 | 0.50 | 42.56 | 0.79 | 43.61*** | 1>2>3 |
| MCS | 56.22 | 0.62 | 54.47 | 0.59 | 52.64 | 0.92 | 8.10*** | 1>(2, 3) |
Robust: 0 frail components present; pre-frail :1-2 frail components present; frail: ≥3 frail components present.
Physical functioning (PF), Role physical (RP), Bodily pain (BP), General health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social functioning (SF), Role emotional (RE), Mental health (MH), Physical component summary (PCS), Mental component summary (MCS).
‡
Adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, chronic disease, pain problem, sleep impairment, regular exercise, smoking and drinking behaviors.
**
p<0.01.
***
p<0.001; SE stands for standard error.
partial F value is presented.