Table 1.
Participant and parent characteristics by school district
| Texas-A (n=300) | Texas-B (n=276) | Utah-C (n=181) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | X2(4)=105.3, p<.001 | ||
| Age <= 59 | 26.4% | 21.7% | 1.7% |
| 60 <= Age <= 66 | 51.7% | 57.6% | 40.6% |
| 67 <= Age | 22.0% | 20.7% | 57.8% |
| Father Education | X2(2)=76.6, p<.001 | ||
| Less than HS | 45.2% | 36.8% | 77.6% |
| HS Graduate | 32.9% | 38.5% | 21.8% |
| Some college or more | 21.9% | 24.7% | 0.6% |
| Mother Education | X2(2)=46.7, p<.001 | ||
| Less than HS | 42.1% | 43.9% | 70.7% |
| HS Graduate | 36.1% | 30.5% | 21.8% |
| Some college or more | 21.7% | 25.7% | 7.5% |
| Gender | X2(2)=8.0, p<.05 | ||
| Female | 51.0% | 43.6% | 56.9% |
| Male | 49.0% | 56.4% | 43.1% |
| Language Group* | X2(4)=67.7, p<.001 | ||
| BL | 37.3% | 41.7% | 72.8% |
| FME | 36.0% | 27.2% | 12.2% |
| FMS | 26.7% | 31.2% | 15.0% |
| Free or reduced lunch | X2(4)=116.3 p<.001 | ||
| Free | 69.3% | 52.1% | 100% |
| Reduced | 13.9% | 25.6% | 0% |
| Regular | 16.8% | 22.3% | 0% |
| Missing data status | X2(2)=9.6, p<.01 | ||
| 0 Missing data | 90.2% | 93.7% | 85.1% |
| 1+ Missing data | 9.8% | 6.3% | 14.9% |
| Year First English Experience | X2(10)=42.9, p<.001 | ||
| 0 | 61.0% | 51.2% | 45.9% |
| 1 | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.9% |
| 2 | 1.1% | 3.3% | 6.4% |
| 3 | 7.3% | 9.9% | 19.1% |
| 4 | 24.5% | 28.5% | 14.7% |
| 5 | 5.1% | 5.8% | 12.1% |
| Year First Spanish Experience | X2(8)=9.79, p = .29 | ||
| 0 | 91.4% | 92.7% | 97.7% |
| 1 | 0.9% | 2.2% | 0.6% |
| 2 | 1.8% | 1.3% | 0.6% |
| 3 | 4.1% | 2.6% | 0.6% |
| 4 | 1.8% | 1.3% | 0.6% |
*
Based on language output data. Bilingual children (BL) have 20–80% output in each language; Functionally monolingual English (FME) children have 80–100% English output and 0–20% output in Spanish. Functionally monolingual Spanish (FMS) children have 80–100% Spanish output and 0–20% output in English.