Table 4.

Functional roles of the amino acid sites under adaptive evolution

	Location
Site	Domain	Interface	Functional roles	References
A11V	loop 1		To contribute to the holoenzyme thermal stability, catalytic efficiency, and CO2/O2 specificity	Kellogg and Juliano (1997) [3]
Q14K				Ott et al. (2000) [106]
K30Q	loop 2	LSU dimers		Du and Spreitzer (2000) [107]
I133L	βE			Spreitzer and Salvucci (2002) [36]
S143A	αD			Spreitzer et al. (2005) [64]
L225I	α2	LSUs and SSUs		Makowski et al. (2008) [33]
T262V	β4
G86D	βC	Rubisco and its activase	To affect the contacts between the Rubisco and its activase	Du et al. (2003) [108]
S95N	βD			Portis (2003) [40]
V99A				Portis et al. (2008) [42]

All positively selected amino acid sites in Table 3 are included.