Table 2.
Characteristics of five clinical studies of sTREM-1 levels.
| Study | (Gibot & Cravoisy, 2004) | (Determann et al., 2005) | (Horonenko et al., 2007) | (Anand, Zuick, Klesney- Tait, & Kollef, 2009) | (Oudhuis et al., 2009) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients | 148 | 28 | 23 | 105 | 240* |
| Setting | MICU | Mixed ICU | MICU | MICU | Mixed ICU |
| Assay | Immunoblot | ELISA | ELISA | ELISA | ELISA |
| Type of BAL | Non- directed | Non- directed | NS | Directed | Directed |
| Confirmation of VAP | >103cfu/ml | ≥104cfu/ml | CPIS > 6 | >104cfu/ml | ≥104cfu/ml |
| Previous and/or concurrent antibiotic use (%) | 47% | NR | 100% PNA (−)71% PNA (+) | 53% | NR |
| VAP Positive Patients | 46 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 90 |
| Mean BALF sTREM-1 in VAP + Group (pg/ml) | 34 | 894 | 403 | 172 | 227 |
| BALF sTREM-1 Cutoff (pg/ml) | 5 | 200 | ≤7pg/ml | 200 | NR |
| EBC sTREM- 1 Cutoff (pg/ml) | NR | NR | ≤7pg/ml | NR | NR |
| Sensitivity | 100% | 75% | 100% BALF 71% EBC | 42% | 65 |
| Specificity | 91% | 84% | 10% BALF 89% EBC | 76% | 48 |
VAP, Ventilator-associated pneumonia; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; cfu, colony forming units; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid type-1 cells; ICU, intensive care unit; PNA, pneumonia; NR, not reported; NS, not specified
*
This is the number of samples collected from 207 patients. An additional BAL sample from the same patient was included in the study if ≥2 weeks passed between bronchoscopy.