T cells failed to expand during the CHS response in CD11c-TAK1 fl/fl mice. (a) Forty-eight hours after challenge, lymphocytes from DLN (solid bar) and CLN (open bar) were collected from the indicated mouse strains, and the numbers of total lymphocytes were counted. CD4 and CD8 T-cell numbers were calculated and plotted based on the percentage of each population as determined by flow cytometry analysis and the total numbers of lymphocytes. (b) Foxp3 expression was detected by intracellular staining and flow cytometry. Numbers above the bracketed lines indicate the percentages of Foxp3+ cells among the CD4 population (left panels). The absolute numbers of Foxp3+ cells from DLN (solid bar) and CLN (open bar) were calculated and plotted (right panel). Mean±SD values of four mice are shown, and the P value is indicated. CHS, contact hypersensitivity; CLN, control lymph node; DLN, draining lymph node; TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1.