T-cell activation and effector function during the CHS response was abrogated in CD11c-TAK1fl/fl mice. Flow cytometry analysis of CD62L and CD44 expression on CD4 (a) and CD8 (b) T cells in DLN of indicated mice 48 h after challenge (left panels). The percentages of CD62Llow CD44high effector T cells were plotted (right panels). Mean±SD values of four mice are shown, and the P value is indicated. (c) IFN-γ and IL-17 production by CD8 cells in the DLN of indicated mice was assessed by flow cytometry (left panels). The frequencies (%) of IFN-γ-producing CD8 cells obtained from four independent experiments were plotted. Mean±SD values are shown, and the P value is indicated. (d) IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 production in CD4 cells from DLN of the indicated mice was detected by intracellular staining. Representative results of four independent experiments are shown. DLN, draining lymph node; IFN, interferon; TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1.