Table 2.

Studies examining the association between CSF sphingolipids and Alzheimer’s disease

Author	Sample size	Findings
Han et al. (2003)	19 with CDR = 0; 20 with CDR = 0.5	40% ↓ in CSF sulfatide for CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 0.0. No difference in phosphatidylinosital (PI).
		Using sulfatide/PI ratio, 90% sensitivy & 100% specificy.
Satoi et al. (2005)	16 AD, 14 NC, 13 ALS. Among AD: 6 had a CDR = 0.5–1 (mild); 4 had a CDR = 2 (moderate); and 5 had a CDR = 3 (severe)	↑ Mean ceramide in AD vs. NC (P < 0.01). ALS was elevated but not sig different from NC. Among AD, CDR = 2 had ↑ ceramide vs. mild (CDR = 0.5–1) or severe (CDR = 3) dementia.

NC Normal control, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating Scale