Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 3292 Women Without and With High Depressive Symptomsa
| Baseline Characteristic | CES-D Score <16 (n=2490) | CES-D Score ≥16 (n=802) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CES-D, median (IQR) | 6.0 (3.0–9.0) | 23.0 (18.0–30.0) | <.001 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 46.5 (2.7) | 45.9 (2.6) | <.001 |
| Hormone level, median (IQR) | |||
| E2, pg/mL | 54.8 (33.0–87.9) | 58.1 (33.1–93.9) | .34 |
| FSH, mIU/mL | 16.1 (10.9–26.6) | 15.5 (10.4–25.6) | .16 |
| T, ng/dL | 41.6 (30.0–56.5) | 41.0 (29.4–55.5) | .28 |
| SHBG, μg/mL | 4.6 (3.2–6.5) | 4.6 (3.1–6.5) | .86 |
| DHEA-S, μg/dL | 114.8 (75.5–170.3) | 110.2 (70.4–165.5) | .11 |
| FTI, median (IQR)b | 3.6 (2.2–6.0) | 3.6 (2.1–6.0) | .44 |
| FEI, median (IQR)c | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | .60 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| African American | 680 (27) | 253 (32) | |
| White | 1195 (48) | 350 (44) | |
| Chinese | 214 (9) | 35 (4) | |
| Hispanic | 161 (6) | 123 (15) | |
| Japanese | 240 (10) | 41 (5) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.8 (6.9) | 29.7 (7.9) | <.001 |
| Menopausal status, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| Premenopausal | 1356 (56) | 366 (47) | |
| Early perimenopausal | 1075 (44) | 419 (53) | |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 369 (15) | 199 (25) | <.001 |
| Education, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| ≤High school | 526 (21) | 292 (37) | |
| Some college/technical school | 785 (32) | 262 (33) | |
| College graduate | 1155 (47) | 242 (30) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; E2, estradiol; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FEI, free estradiol index; FTI, free testosterone index; IQR, interquartile range; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; T, testosterone.
SI conversion factors: To convert E2 to picomoles per liter, multiply by 3.671; to convert FSH to international units per liter, multiply by 1.0; to convert T to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.0347; to convert SHBG to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 8.896; and to convert DHEA-S to micromoles per liter, multiply by 0.027.
Although our sample consisted of 3296 women, 4 without baseline CES-D scores are not included; additional subjects are missing select baseline characteristics. High depressive symptoms are indicated by a CES-D score of 16 or higher.
Calculated as [100×T in nanograms per deciliter]/[28.84×SHBG in nanomoles per liter].
Calculated as [100×E2 in picograms per milliliter]/[272.11 × SHBG in nanomoles per liter].