Table 3.
Fully Adjusted Random-Effects Logistic Regression Model Examining the Association of Concurrent Testosterone With the Odds of High Depressive Symptoms From Baseline Through Visit 8a
| Covariate/Estimated Parameter | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Concurrent logtestosterone | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | .04 |
| Status, premenopause as reference | <.001 | |
| Early perimenopause | 1.35 (1.14–1.61) | |
| Late perimenopause | 1.68 (1.28–2.20) | |
| Postmenopause | 1.83 (1.40–2.42) | |
| Race/ethnicity, white as reference | .006 | |
| African American | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | |
| Chinese | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) | |
| Hispanic | 2.12 (1.22–3.70) | |
| Japanese | 1.81 (1.17–2.80) | |
| Baseline age | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | <.001 |
| Aging | 0.90 (0.87–0.93) | <.001 |
| Baseline education, ≥college as reference | <.001 | |
| ≤High school | 2.11 (1.66–2.68) | |
| >High school/some college | 1.48 (1.20–1.82) | |
| Current smoker | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | .001 |
| Medication for nerves or depression 2 times/wk in past month | 2.43 (1.99–2.96) | <.001 |
| BMI | 1.01 (1.001–1.03) | .04 |
| Any vasomotor symptoms | 1.62 (1.43–1.84) | <.001 |
| Social support | 0.81 (0.79–0.83) | <.001 |
| Upsetting life events, 0 as reference | <.001 | |
| 1 | 2.47 (2.13–2.87) | |
| ≥2 | 5.13 (4.45–5.92) | |
| Study site | .009 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
High depressive symptoms are indicated by a CES-D score of 16 or higher. All covariates are time varying unless otherwise noted.