Table 5.
Summary of activations identified in the PPI analyses of functional connectivity with right insula.
| Brain region | X | Y | Z | Size | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connectivity with right posterior insula in TD group | ||||||
| Social exclusion > fair play | ||||||
| Paracentral lobule/somatosensory cortex | 21 | −19 | 55 | 10,559 | 5.02 | 0.000066 |
| Connectivity with right anterior insula in ASD group | ||||||
| Rule violation > fair play | ||||||
| Right IFG | 58 | 17 | 22 | 4877 | 4.25 | 0.000388 |
| Right precentral gyrus | 21 | −16 | 46 | 1705 | 3.81 | 0.001109 |
| Dorsal ACC/dorsomedial PFC | 36 | −1 | 31 | 3028 | 5.34 | 0.000032 |
| Medial PFC | 12 | 47 | 22 | 1849 | 4.65 | 0.000154 |
| MidCC | 3 | −7 | 28 | 935 | 4.51 | 0.000214 |
| Left SFG | −18 | −1 | 43 | 1517 | 4.11 | 0.000545 |
| Left IFG/left AI | −30 | 20 | 7 | 1214 | 3.70 | 0.001417 |
The TD right insula region was defined by greater activation to social exclusion versus fair play, to which functional connectivity was subsequently assessed with a PPI analysis in the same Cyberball contrast. The ASD right insula region was defined by greater activation to rule violation versus fair play, to which functional connectivity was subsequently assessed with a PPI analysis in the same Cybershape contrast. Talairach coordinates and statistics refer to the voxel with the maximum signal change in each region of interest. Abbreviations: inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), middle cingulate cortex (midCC), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), anterior insula (AI).