Fig. 7.
Decomposition of the observed disparities in outcomes by education. The bar heights show the difference in outcomes by educational level (postcompulsory schooling vs. compulsory schooling). The darker region within each bar shows the fraction of the raw gap arising from the causal contribution of education. The rest is due to selection. Adapted from Conti, Heckman, and Urzua (2010a, 2010b).