Table 1.

Effects of chronic nicotine exposure on cotinine levels of the plasma and kidney, plasma creatinine levels, as well as tubulointerstitial injury in ischemic mice

	Saccharine		Chronic NIC
	Sham	IR	Sham	IR
Plasma cotinine, ng/ml	ND	ND	127.4 ± 9.2	134.2 ± 14.3
Kidney cotinine, ng/g protein	ND	ND	16.4 ± 7.3	14.8 ± 9.2
Plasma creatinine, mg/dl	0.35 ± 0.003	1.36 ± 0.32*	0.38 ± 0.01	2.03 ± 0.19*†
Injury index	0.025 ± 0.04	1.85 ± 0.14*	0	2.59 ± 0.3*‡

Values are means ± SD.

NIC, nicotine; IR, ischemia-reperfusion; ND, not done.

^*P < 0.001 compared with sham.

^†P < 0.001 compared with saccharine+IR.

^‡P = 0.029 compared with saccharine+IR.