TABLE III.
Comparison of Language Performance at Baseline and at Treatment for Each Language Measure*
| Test | Base line | Treatment | Difference | P-value (two-tailed) | Average score and (range) for 5 year-olds |
Change from 5 to 6 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOPS | ||||||
| TOPS, 12 weeks | 14.4 | 20.9 | 6.5 | 0.0107 | 41 (37 to 44) | 8.5 points |
| TOPS, 24 weeks | 14.4 | 19.5 | 5.1 | 0.0513 | 41 (37 to 44) | 8.5 points |
| CELF-R expressive subtestsa | ||||||
| Formulating | 8.2 | 11.2 | 3.0 | 0.2215 | 23–27 (9 to 38) | 13.5 points |
| Sentences | ||||||
| Recalling Sentences | 12.2 | 14.0 | 1.8 | 0.2326 | 43–46 (32 to 58) | 6.5 points |
| Sentence Assembly | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2080 | 0 (0 to 3) | 3.5 points |
| CELF-R receptive subtestsa | ||||||
| Oral Directions | 4.3 | 3.3 | −1.0 | 0.6042 | 6–7 (3 to 13) | 5 points |
| Word Classes | 1.2 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.1543 | 7–8 (2 to 14) | 13 points |
| Semantic Relationships | 3.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.5538 | 3 (0 to 9) | 6.5 points |
*
Baseline and treatment values are group average raw score performance (n=5). The statistical significance of the difference in baseline and treatment performance is determined by a paired t-test. Indexes of clinical significance, i.e., average performance and the range in raw scores for 5-year-olds, and the average improvement in raw score performance as children age from 5 to 6 years old, are provided.
a
CELF-R subtests administered only at baseline and at 24 weeks.