Figure 1.

Results from experiment 1 for the three groups of typically developing (TD) children (4-, 6- and 8-year-old) and adults. Two sway measures in medio-lateral (ML) direction: sway velocity (1^st column: A-D), and distance variance (2^nd column: E-H) are plotted for age groups (1^st row: A, E), by touch availability (2^nd row: B, F), by vision availability (3^rd row: C, G) and by the four sensory conditions (4^th row: D, H). All bars are plotted as Mean ± Standard Error. For each subplot, left y-axis shows the unit of the sway measure. For subplots B and F, the second right y-axis is the ratio of sway measure of “With touch” to “No touch” conditions. These ratios are plotted by the bars in white. A ratio of 1 (⋯⋯· line) indicates no touch effect. A ratio significantly less than 1 indicates a touch effect on sway attenuation. The smaller the ratio, the larger the touch effect is. Similarly, the 2^nd right y-axis and notations are used to indicate vision effects in subplots C and G. Overall model significant main effects and interactions are labeled at the top of each subplot. Post-hoc analysis of the main age group effect is indicated by showing significant differences between two age groups. For each group, the letter above each group plot indicates a main sensory effect (T: main touch effect, V: main vision effect) or sensory interaction (T × V for touch vision interaction). Asterisks indicate p values as: * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01, **** p<0.001 and ***** p<0.0001.