Table 2.
Identification of the substance names mentioned in the iatrosophia.
| Name in iatrosophiaa | Correspondent nameb | Cent.c | Reference | Substancee |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bouchoúr yiági | buhur yaği | 16 | ölker and Direkçi (2009) | Storax, liquid (exotic grade) |
| bouchoúri yag | 19 | Hanbury (1857) | ||
| bukhur yaghy | 19 | Hanbury (1857) | ||
| bohur | 20 | Viney (1994, p. 250) | ||
| katráni, katrán | qatrân | 10 | Tschirch and Lippmann (1933, p. 1361) | (1) Cedar tar |
| qitrân | 11–13 | Lev and Amar (2008, p. 497) | ||
| katran | ≤19 | Lev (2002) | ||
| katran | 21 | Lev and Amar (2002) | ||
| qitrân | 11–13 | Lev and Amar (2008, p. 497) | (2) Pine tar | |
| kara katran | 21 | Sezik et al. (2001) | ||
| katrámi, katrás | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p.782) | (3) Wood tar (of conifers) | |
| katránin, katrás | ≤21 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| kechripárin, chechripárin | kechrimpári | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 411) | Amber (fossilized resin) |
| kechripárin | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| kechrimpári | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| kechriparóladon | kechrimpári // ládi, -ládo | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | Amber oil |
| kómmi arapikón, kómmi aravikón | komidē arapikōn | 03–13 | Langkavel (1866, p. 1.2) | Gum arabic |
| kómmi aravikón | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 28) | ||
| aravikó kómmi | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| kommídi | kommi […] amygdalēs, -kerasōn, -tes kokkomyleas | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.157, 174, 176), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.113, 121, 123) | Gum of various Prunus species such as almond, cherry, plum |
| kerasia […] kommi, kokkymēleas […] kommi | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 167, 180), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.21) | ||
| kommídi | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 534) | ||
| komídin | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| kómmi | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| kommídi tis kerasiás, komídi (=píssa) tis kkerashiás | kommi tōn kerasōn | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.157), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.113) | Cherry gum |
| kerasia […] kommi | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 167), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.10) | ||
| kérasos […] kommi | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 492) | ||
| komídin […] tis keraséas, píssa tis keraséas | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| komídi (kolitsána) tou moúsklou kai tou damaskínou | kommi tēs kokkomyleas | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.157, 174, 176), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.113, 121, 123) | Plum gum |
| kokkymēleas […] kommi | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 180), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.21) | ||
| moúskla (kokomílo) | ≤20 | Kostoula (1991) | ||
| damáskino | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| ládanon | lēdanon, ladanon | ≤02 BCE | Arnold-Apostolides (1985, p. 396); Riddle (1987, p. 59) | Ladanum |
| ladanon | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.128), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.97) | ||
| ladanon | 07 | Aliotta et al., (2003, p. 7.3, 208), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.11) | ||
| ládanon | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 512) | ||
| ládin tou kapnismátou | kápnisma | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 972) | Storax, liquid (local grade) |
| kápnisma | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| kápnisma (tou Ayíou Neophútou) | 21 | Hadjikyriakou, (2007, p. 102) | ||
| lívanos (arsenikós), lívanos áspros | libanos, libanōtos (arsēn) | ≤02 BCE | Aliotta et al.,(2003, p. 395), Riddle (1987, p. 59) | Frankincense (olibanum) |
| libanos | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.81), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.68) | ||
| libanōtos | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 217), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.11) | ||
| lívanos | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 202) | ||
| machmoudiá | machmoutá | 03–13 | Langkavel (1866, p. 146.1) | Scammony |
| mahmûda | 11–13 | Lev and Amar (2008, p. 280) | ||
| mahmûde, mahmudiye otu | 16 | ölker and Direkçi (2009) | ||
| mamoutiá | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 764) | ||
| machmoudiá | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| mastíchin | mastichē | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.90), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.70) | Mastic |
| mastichē | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 243), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.12) | ||
| mastichē | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 640) | ||
| mastíchin | ≤20 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| mávron kápnisman (=chalváni) | chalbanē | ≤02 BCE | Aliotta et al., (2003, p. 400) | Galbanum |
| chalbanē | 01 | Berendes (1902, 3.87(97)), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 3.83) | ||
| chalbanē | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 398), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.22) | ||
| galvánon, chalváni | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 218) | ||
| chalváni | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| mýrra, mýrra dialektí | mýrra, smýrna | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 170) | Myrrh |
| mýrra | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| mýrra | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| mýrra xylalá | xylaloē | 11 | Tschirch and Lippmann (1933, p. 1348), Varella (1995) | (1) Agar wood, gaharu wood, aloe wood (lignum aloes) |
| xylalás | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, pp. 2–3) | ||
| xylalás | ≤20 | Hadjiioannou (2000) | ||
| xylalás | ≤20 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| mýrra | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 170) | (2) Myrrh | |
| mýrra | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| neft yiági | néfti | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 825) | Pine turpentine oil |
| neft yiagí | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| neft yaği | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| píssa áspri tou péfkou, píssa péfkou áspri (=retsína), píssa, píssa tou péfkou, retsína, retsíni tou péfkou | rētinē […] peukinē | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.92), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.71) | Pine resin (resina alba communis), crude turpentine (terebinthina), rosin (colophonium) |
| rētinai […] peukinē | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 317), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.17) | ||
| retsína […] ton péfkon | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 824–825) | ||
| píssa […] tis péfkis | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| píssa, retsínan apó ta péfka | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| píssa mávri | píssa […] mávri | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | Pine resin, cooked (resina nigra) |
| píssa | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| mávri píssa | ≤20 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| píssa pikrís amygdaliás, píssa tis athashiás tis pikrís | amygdalēs […] kommi | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.176), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.123) | Bitter almond gum |
| athashiá […] píssa | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| athashiá […] píssa | ≤20 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| píssa […] amygdaliés | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| píssa tis elaías | dakryon […] elaia | 01 | Berendes (1902, 1.141), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.105) | Olive resin |
| dakryon […] agrian elaian | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 100), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.5) | ||
| elaiodákryon | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 265) | ||
| píssa tou xylalá | xylaloē | 11 | Tschirch and Lippmann (1933, p. 1348), Varella (1995) | (1) Agar wood, gaharu wood, aloe wood (lignum aloes) |
| xylalás | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 2–3) | ||
| xylalás | ≤20 | Hadjiioannou (2000) | ||
| xylalás | ≤20 | Papangellou (2001) | ||
| píssa tou xylalá | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 783, 923) | (2) Benzoin | |
| píssa tou xylalá | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| píssa tou xylalá | 20 | Arnold-Apostolides (1985) | (3) Storax, solid (styrax) | |
| píssa tou xylalá | 20 | Panaretos (1967) | ||
| sarí katrán | qitrân | 11–13 | Lev and Amar (2008, p. 497) | Cypress tar |
| sarí katrán | 20 | Chrysanthis (1940) | ||
| servi | 20 | Viney (1994, p. 4) | ||
| servi | 21 | Hadjikyriakou, (2007, p. 55) | ||
| smýrna | smyrna | ≤02 BCE | Riddle (1987, p. 59) | Myrrh |
| smyrnē | 01 | Chrysanthis( 1940, p. 1.77), Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.64) | ||
| smyrnē | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 7.3, 348), Heiberg (1921/1924, 7.3.18) | ||
| mýrra, smýrna | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 170) | ||
| trimintína, trementína | rētinē terebinthinē | 01 | Wellmann (1906/1907/1914, 1.66), Berendes (1902, 1.91) | (1) Terebinth resin |
| rētinē terebinthinē, terebinthinē | 07 | Adams (1844/1846/1847, 1.45, 58, 3.22., 414), Heiberg (1921/1924, 1.45.1, 3.22.13) | ||
| tremantinē | 03–13 | Langkavel (1866, p. 11.4) | ||
| trimintína | 18–19 | Hadjikyriakou (2007, p. 153) | ||
| trimintína | 20 | Chrysanthis (1942) | ||
| trementína | 20 | Panaretos (1979) | ||
| trementína | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 825) | (2) Crude turpentine of the pine (terebinthina) | |
| trimintína píssa | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) | ||
| tzam sákkizi | tzam […] sakiz | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 768, 824–25) | Pine resin |
| çam sakizi | 20 | Honda et al. (1996) | ||
| çam sakizi | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | ||
| trimintína venétini | trementína // Venetía | 21 | Webster's Online Dictionaryd | Venice turpentine |
| válsamon tis Mékkas | válsamon tis Mékkas | ≤20 | Gennadios (1914, p. 170) | Balsam of Mecca |
| válsamon tis Mékkas | ≤20 | Myrianthopoulos (1925) |
aNames are listed as mentioned in the texts. The transliteration of the substance names in Latin letters basically follows the ISO code 843 1997 TR for Modern Greek with a few adjustments to improve the approximation of the code to the correct phonetic reproduction (e.g., Greek Γι- as yi- at the beginning of a word; Cypriot-Greek -σια as -sha).
bNames mentioned in the cited reference, which were considered a match with the corresponding iatrosophia name. For the conversion of Ancient or Medieval Greek names (references until 1453 CE) the transliteration scheme of the American Library Association ALA-LC 1997 for Greek of The Library of Congress was used [http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html (accessed December 03, 2010)].
cCentury, -ies (CE) from which the correspondent name is documented based on the cited references. Cases referring to BCE are specified.
dhttp://websters-online-dictionary.org/
1The species instead of the infraspecific taxon was mentioned in the used references; 2Resin instead of tar of this species was mentioned in the used reference; 3According to Had-jikyriakou (2007, pp. 172-174) this infraspecific taxon is the primary source of ladanum in Cyprus; 4Several other European and Middle Eastern Apocynaceae or Convolvu-laceae provided certain local qualities of scammony (Blaschek et al., 2007); 5Local Liquidambar trees were conditionally classed as L. styraciflua in the "Flora of Cyprus" (Meikle, 1977/1985, p. 655). Recently this identification has been put in question in favor of L. orientalis (Hadjikyriakou, 2007, pp. 102-105).