Table 6.

Cross-referencing of deduced pharmacological functions to reported biological activities.

Substancea	Deduced pharmacological functionsb	Matching biological activities reported in the studiesc	Study typed	Stud.e
Agar wood	Analgesic	Anti-inflammatory, 1×	In vitro	1
	Anti-inflammatory
	Antimicrobial
	Immunomodulatory
	Wound healing promotion
Cherry gum	Antitussive	[Indirect hepatoprotective, 1×]	in vivo1	2
	Beneficial effect on liver or kidney diseases	[Improved metabolic profile in chronic renal failure, 1×]	In vivo1
	Bronchodilatating
	Expectorant
	Stone-dissolving/-expelling
	Vision improving effects
Frankincense	Analgesic	Anti-inflammatory, 3×	In vitro, in vivo	3
	Anti-inflammatory	Decrease of cytokine levels (immunomodulatory), 1×	In vivo
	Immunomodulatory
Galbanum	Abortifacient	Spasmolytic	In vitro	1
	Effects on uterine contractility
Gum arabic	Antibiotic	Improved recovery rates from diarrhea, 1×	In vivo	4
	Anti-inflammatory	Proabsorptive (antisecretory), 2×	In vivo
	Antimotility	No significant antidiarrheal effects, 1×	Clinical2
	Antisecretory
	Bulk-forming effect
Ladanum	Analgesic	Antibacterial, 2×	In vitro	4
	Antifungal	Antioxidant (anti-inflammatory), 1×	In vitro3
	Anti-inflammatory	No significant anti-inflammatory effect, 2×	In vitro3, in vivo4
	Antimicrobial
	Effects with a beneficial action
	on the hair cycle
	5-Alpha-reductase inhibition
Pine resin	Analgesic	Analgesic, 1×	In vivo	3
	Anti-inflammatory	Anti-inflammatory, 2×	In vivo4, in vivo3
	Immunomodulatory
Plum gum	Antibiotic	No data available	–	0
	Stone-dissolving/-expelling
Scammony	Antibiotic	Antibacterial (antibiotic), 1×	In vitro4	1
	Antimalarial
	Antiviral
	Cathartic
Solid storax	Analgesic	No data available	–	0
	Anti-inflammatory
	Antimicrobial
	Immunomodulatory
	Wound healing promotion
Sumatra or Siam benzoin	Analgesic	Antifungal, 1×	Case reports2,4	2
	Anti-inflammatory	Phagocytotic (antibacterial), 1×	In vivo
	Antimicrobial
	Immunomodulatory
	Wound healing promotion
Terebinth resin	Alpha-receptor antagonistic effect	Antibacterial, 1×	In vitro4	7
	Analgesic	Antimicrobial (antibiotic), 1×	In vitro
	Antibiotic	Anti-hypernociceptive (analgesic), 1×	In vivo4
	Anticancer	Anti-inflammatory, 3×	In vivo4, in vivo3
	Anti-inflammatory	Inhibition of LDL oxidation (anti-inflammatory), 1×	In vitro
	Antimicrobial	Leucotriene inhibition (anti-inflammatory), 1×	In vitro4
	Antimotility
	Antisecretory
	Wound healing promotion
	5-Alpha-reductase inhibition

^aCorresponding to the homonymous column in Table 5.

^bCorresponding to the homonymous column in Table 5. All pharmacological functions referring to the same substance were consolidated.

^cWhere appropriate the deduced pharmacological function to which the reported activity was cross-references is added in parenthesis. Activities in squared brackets refer to studies conducted with an analogous substance from a taxonomically unrelated species (see footnote 4). The figure indicates the number of studies reporting the corresponding activity.

^cType of the study reporting the corresponding activity.

^dNumber of studies included in the comparison.

The study was conducted with: ¹gum arabic, ²a compound preparation that included additional further active constituents, ³a different plant part, ⁴isolated compounds only..