Table 1.
Neuropathology in the main AD animal models
| Lesion and transgenic mouse, rat and primate models | Neuropathology | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ageing | Cholinergic involution and amyloid deposition | Sani et al. (2003) |
| Fischer et al. (1992) | ||
| Michalek et al. (1989) | ||
| Electrolytic lesion | Neuronal death | Lescaudron and Stein (1999) |
| Vale-Martinez et al. (2002) | ||
| Unspecific toxins (NMDA, ibotenic acid, quisalic acid, quinolic acid, colchicine, alkaloids, alcohol) | Neuronal death | Dunnett et al. (1991) |
| Winkler et al. (1998) | ||
| Boegman et al. (1985) | ||
| Shaughnessy et al. (1994) | ||
| Di Patre et al. (1989) | ||
| Arendt (1994) | ||
| Specific toxins (AF64A, 192Ig-G saporin) | Cholinergic neuronal death | Waite et al. (1995) |
| Chrobak et al. (1988) | ||
| Hanin (1996) | ||
| Wiley et al. (1991); Wiley (1992) | ||
| β-Amyloid | Cholinergic dysfunction | Giovannini et al. (2002) |
| Pavia et al. (2000) | ||
| PS1M146L | Diffused plaques | Blanchard et al. (2003) |
| APP751SL | Plaques | Blanchard et al. (2003) |
| APP/Ld/2 | Plaques | Moechars et al. (1996) |
| APPSwe | Plaques | Eriksen and Janus (2007) |
| APP Swedish, 695.K670N M671L | Plaques | Sturchler-Pierrat et al. (1997) |
| APP751SL/ PS1M146L | Plaques | Blanchard et al. (2003) |
| APPSWE/PS1dE9 | Plaques | Savonenko et al. (2005) |
| APPSwedish and PS1M146L | Plaques | Janus et al. (2000) |
| APP695SWE | Plaques | Hsiao et al. (1996) |
| APPV717F | Plaques | Dodart et al. (2000) |
| K670N/M671L and V717F | Plaques | Janus et al. (2000) |
| APP Swedish, 695.K670N-M671L and Indiana V717F | Plaques | Eriksen and Janus (2007) |
| TgAPPsw and PS1 M146L | Plaques | Takeuchi et al. (2000) |
| APPSwedish and V717F | Plaques | Chishti et al. (2001) |
| V337M | Tangles | Tanemura et al. (2002) |
| 4R/2N | Tangles | Tatebayashi et al. (2002) |
| TauP301L (4R,2-,3-) | Tangles | Lewis et al. (2000) |
| P301L | Tangles | Gotz et al. (2001) |
| TauP301L | Tangles | Arendash et al. (2004) |
| P301S/G272V | Tangles | Schindowski et al. (2006) |
| P301S | Tangles | Allen et al. (2002) |
| G272V, P301L, R406W | Tangles | Eriksen and Janus (2007) |
| Endogenous tau knocked out | Tangles | Andorfer et al. (2003) |
| P301L TET-off | Tangles | Ramsden et al. (2005) |
| 7TauTg | Tangles | Ishihara et al. (2001) |
| Tg2576×JNPL3 (APPSWE) | Plaques and tangles | Lewis et al. (2001) |
| Tg2576 and VLW | Plaques and tangles | Ribe et al. (2005) |
| 3xTg-AD | Plaques and tangles | Oddo et al. (2003b) |
| Tg478 | None | Flood et al. (2009) |
| Tg1116 | None | Flood et al. (2009) |
| K670M/N671L | Plaques | Kloskowska et al. (2010) |
| Tg478/Tg1116 | Plaques | Flood et al. (2009) |
NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid; AF64A, ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion; 192 IgG Saporin, 12 clone monoclonal antibody to the nerve growth factor receptor; APP, amyloid precursor protein; APP751SL, single transgenic mouse expressing APP751SL mutation; APP/Ld/2, single transgenic mouse expressing APP London V642I mutation; APPSwe, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish 695.K670N-M671L mutations; APP Swedish 695.K670N/M671L, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish 695.K670N-M671L mutations; PS1M146L, single transgenic mouse expressing PS1M146L mutation; APP751SL/ PS1M146L, double transgenic mouse expressing APP751SL and PS1M146L mutations; APPSWE/PS1dE9, double transgenic mouse expressing APPswe (KM 593/594 NL) and PS1dE9 mutations; APPSwedish and PS1M146L, double transgenic mouse expressing APP swe (K595N, M596L) and PS1 (A246E) mutations; APP695SWE, double transgenic mouse expressing Swedish double mutations K670N/M671L; APPV717F, double transgenic mouse expressing Swedish and Indiana (D664A) mutations; K670N/M671L and V717F, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L and V717F mutations; K670N/M671L and Indiana V717F, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L and Indiana V717F mutations; TgAPPsw and PS1 M146L, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L and PS1M146L mutations; APPSwedish and V717F, double transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish (KM670/671NL) and V717F mutations; V337M, single transgenic mouse expressing human Tau V337M mutation; 4R/2N, single transgenic mouse expressing human Tau R406W mutation; TauP301L (4R,2-,3-), single transgenic mouse expressing tau P301L mutation; P301L, single transgenic mouse expressing tau P301L mutation; G272V, P301L, R406W, triple transgenic mouse expressing G272V, P301L and R406W mutations; Htau, mouse model with endogenous tau knocked out; P301L TET-off, single transgenic mouse model expressing P301L mutation regulated by tetracycline responsive promoters; 7TauTg, single transgenic mouse model overexpressing tau protein without L neurofilament subunit; Tg2576×JNPL3, triple transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish (KM670/671NL), V717F and tau P301L mutations; Tg2576×VLW, triple transgenic mouse expressing APP Swedish (KM670/671NL), V717F and triple tau (G272V, P301L and R406W) mutations; 3xTg-AD, triple transgenic mouse expressing APPSwedish, PS1M146L and TauP301L; Tg478, single transgenic rat expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L mutation; Tg1116, single transgenic rat expressing APP V717I mutation; K670M/N671L, single transgenic rat expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L mutation; Tg478/Tg1116, double transgenic rat expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L and V717I mutations; Tg478/Tg1116/Tg11587, triple transgenic rat expressing APP Swedish K670N/M671L, V717I and PS-1 M146V mutations.