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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Econ Lit. 2010 Jun 1;48(2):356–398. doi: 10.1257/jel.48.2.356

Table 1.

Two Distinct Tasks that Arise in the Analysis of Causal Models

Task Description Requirements
1 Defining the Set of Hypotheticals or
Counterfactuals
A Well-specified Economic Theory
2 Identifying Causal Parameters from Data Mathematical Analysis of Point or Set
Identification Joined With Estimation
and Testing Theory