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. 2011 Jun 27;366(1572):1870–1878. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0401

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

The Efficacy Paradox. A trial might prove one intervention (treatment y) as efficacious, because it is superior to a placebo control, yet this efficacious treatment might be ineffective compared with another treatment (treatment x), which is indistinguishable from its own placebo (placebo x), because the non-specific effects in treatment x are larger.