Table 1.
Characteristics of Women Enrolled in Postpartum Phase of Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study with Data from 12-Month Home Interview by Depressive Symptoms Status (n=550)
| |
|
EPDSa |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n (%) | < 13 (n=515) n (%) | ≥ 13 (n=35) n (%) | Chi-square (p value) | |
| Age at 3-month interview (years) | 28.91 (<0.0001) | |||
| ≤ 24 | 72 (13) | 58 (11) | 14 (40) | |
| 25–29 | 132 (24) | 121 (24) | 11 (31) | |
| 30–34 | 195 (35) | 188 (37) | 7 (20) | |
| 35+ | 151 (27) | 148 (29) | 3 (9) | |
| Race | 17.20 (0.0002) | |||
| White | 433 (79) | 415 (81) | 18 (51) | |
| Black | 69 (13) | 58 (11) | 11 (31) | |
| Other | 48 (9) | 42 (8) | 6 (17) | |
| Marital status at 3-month interviewb | 22.49 (<0.0001) | |||
| Married | 467 (85) | 447 (87) | 20 (57) | |
| Unmarried | 83 (15) | 68 (13) | 15 (43) | |
| Education at 3-month interview (years) | 24.94 (<0.0001) | |||
| ≤12 | 202 (37) | 197 (38) | 5 (14) | |
| 13–16 | 266 (48) | 251 (49) | 15 (43) | |
| 17+ | 82 (15) | 67 (13) | 15 (43) | |
| Working at 3-month interviewb | 0.002 (1.0000) | |||
| Yes | 265 (48) | 248 (48) | 17 (49) | |
| No | 285 (52) | 267 (52) | 18 (51) | |
| Income at 3-month interview (% of poverty line)b,c | 11.10 (0.0025) | |||
| ≤185 | 133 (24) | 117 (23) | 16 (52) | |
| >185 | 413 (76) | 396 (77) | 17 (48) | |
| Parity at 3-month interview | 0.62 (0.7325) | |||
| 1 | 265 (48) | 248 (48) | 17 (49) | |
| 2 | 198 (36) | 184 (36) | 14 (40) | |
| 3+ | 87 (16) | 83 (16) | 4 (11) | |
| Body mass index at 3-month interview (kg/m2)d | 5.68 (0.1280) | |||
| <18.5 | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 267 (49) | 253 (49) | 14 (40) | |
| 25–29.9 | 149 (27) | 142 (28) | 7 (20) | |
| 30+ | 130 (24) | 116 (23) | 14 (40) | |
| Breastfeeding at 3-month interview | 9.21 (0.0100) | |||
| Still breastfeeding | 372 (68) | 356 (69) | 16 (46) | |
| Stopped breastfeeding | 137 (25) | 121 (24) | 16 (46) | |
| Never breastfed | 41 (7) | 38 (7) | 3 (9) | |
| Smoking at 3-month interviewb | 18.48 (0.0003) | |||
| Yes | 48 (9) | 38 (7) | 10 (29) | |
| No | 502 (91) | 477 (93) | 25 (71) | |
| Sleep quality at 3-month interviewb | 21.22 (<0.0001) | |||
| Fair/Poor | 235 (43) | 207 (40) | 28 (80) | |
| Good/Excellent | 315 (57) | 308 (60) | 7 (20) | |
| Partner support at 3-month interviewe | 18.65 (<0.0001) | |||
| A lot | 373 (70) | 361 (72) | 12 (38) | |
| Some | 130 (24) | 115 (23) | 15 (47) | |
| Not much/None | 29 (5) | 24 (5) | 5 (16) | |
| Depressive symptoms at 3-month interviewb | 111.75 (<0.0001) | |||
| EPDS <13 | 515 (94) | 497 (97) | 18 (51) | |
| EPDS ≥13 | 35 (6) | 18 (4) | 17 (49) | |
a
Score on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) < 13 vs. ≥ 13.
b
Fisher's exact test p value reported.
c
Missing data on 4 women.
d
Missing data on 1 woman.
e
Missing data on 18 women.