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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicon. 2011 Feb 24;59(4):472–486. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.020

Figure 1. Sequence alignment of contortrostatin (CN), vicrostatin (VCN), and echistatin.

Figure 1

VCN is a modified CN sequence that was generated recombinantly by swapping the C-terminal tail of CN with the tail of echistatin. Mass spectrometry and crystallographic data have shown that CN is a dimer with two identical chains oriented in an antiparallel fashion and held together by two interchain disulfide bonds. Unlike native CN, mass spectrometry has confirmed that VCN is a monomer. In the above sequences, the Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide motif is depicted in bold whereas the non-native amino acids in VCN are both italicized and underlined.