Table 2. Comparison of healthcare utilization in previous 6 months among the clinical pain sample and community sample of youth.

	Clinical pain sample (n=59) n (%) / M (SD)	Community sample (n=58) n (%) / M (SD)	t or X2
Healthcare service (yes/no)
Primary Care	47 (79.7%)	9 (15.5%)	48.2***
Specialty Care	45 (76.3%)	2 (3.4%)	64.5***
Physical Therapy	28 (47.5%)	2 (3.4%)	29.7***
Mental Healthcare	36 (61.0%)	1 (1.7%)	47.6***
CAMc	36 (61.0%)	2 (3.4%)	44.2***
Total number of visits
Primary Care Provider	3.55 (3.90)	0.13 (0.33)	6.56 ***
Speciality care provider	2.45 (2.87)	0.03 (.18)	6.38 ***
Physical Therapist	3.34 (6.24)	0.40 (2.28)	3.38 ***
Mental Health Provider	2.11 (2.53)	0.05 (0.40)	6.10 ***
CAMa Provider	7.14 (13.45)	0.09 (0.47)	4.00 ***
Total	19.63 (16.87)	0.71 (2.40)	8.31***
Total healthcare visitsb
<5 visits	13 (24.1%)	54 (96.4%)	61.14***
5-10	5 (9.25%)	1 (1.8%)
10-15	6 (11.1%)	0 (0.0%)
15-20	9 (16.7%)	1 (1.8%)
>20	21 (38.9%)	0 (0.0%)
Total over the counter meds
0	23 (39.0%)	36 (62.1%)	10.52***
1	17 (28.8%)	15 (25.9%)
2-3	13 (22.1%)	6 (10.3%)
4-6	6 (10.2%)	1 (1.7)
Total prescription medsc
0	16 (27.1%)	58 (00.0%)	71.70***
1	23 (39.0%)	0 (0.0%)
2-3	15 (25.4%)	0 (0.0%)
4-6	5 (8.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Type of prescription meds
Anticonvulsant	28 (47.5%)	0 (0.0%)	36.19***
Antidepressant	25 (42.4%)	0 (0.0%)	26.64***
TCA	13 (52.0%)	0 (0.0%)	15.20***
SNRI	2 (8.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2.11
SSRI	10 (40.0%)	0 (0.0%)	11.35***
Analgesics	18 (30.5%)	0 (0.0%)	20.91***
Opioids	9 (50.0%)	0 (0.0%)	10.12**
Sleep	6 (10.2%)	0 (0.0%)	6.22**
Otherd	11 (18.6%)	0 (0.0%)	20.56**

^**p<.01

^***p<.001

^aComplementary and alternative medicine

^bn = 115

^cIncludes anticonvulsants, antidepressants, prescription analgesics, and prescription sleep medications only

^dPrescription antibiotics, acne medications