Table 3.
Associations of demographic and health-related characteristics with hepatitis B infection status among clients tested at standalone San Francisco Hep B Free sites
| Characteristic | Infected vs. immune | Susceptible vs. immune | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR* | 95% CI* | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR† | 95% CI† | P-value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| <30 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| 31–40 | 2.3 | (1.5, 3.6) | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) | 2.3 | (1.9, 2.8) | 2.8 | (2.3, 3.5) | ||||
| 41–50 | 3.3 | (2.2, 5.0) | 1.8 | (1.2, 2.8) | 2.9 | (2.4, 3.6) | 3.8 | (3.1, 4.7) | ||||
| 51–60 | 2.5 | (1.7, 3.6) | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.3) | 2.2 | (1.9, 2.7) | 3.0 | (2.5, 3.6) | ||||
| 61+ | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.7) | <0.0001 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.8) | 0.06 | 2.3 | (1.9, 2.8) | <0.0001 | 3.3 | (2.7, 4.1) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Male | 1.9 | (1.5, 2.5) | <0.0001 | 1.8 | (1.3, 2.3) | <0.0001 | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.3) | 0.02 | 1.1 | (1.0, 1.2) | 0.18 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Chinese | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Filipino | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.8) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.2) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.4) | ||||
| Vietnamese | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.0) | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.5) | 0.7 | (0.5, 0.9) | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.1) | ||||
| Other Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.6) | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.9) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.5) | ||||
| Non-Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.4) | <0.0001 | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.9) | 0.007 | 1.5 | (1.3, 1.8) | <0.0001 | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.6) | 0.08 |
| Region of birth | ||||||||||||
| East Asia | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| North America | 0.1 | (0.08, 0.2) | 0.3 | (0.1, 0.5) | 1.3 | (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 | (1.0, 1.6) | ||||
| SE Asia/Pacific Islands | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.4) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.7) | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.2) | ||||
| Other | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.3) | <0.0001 | 1.5 | (0.6, 3.9) | 0.0001 | 1.9 | (1.4, 2.5) | <0.0001 | 1.7 | (1.2, 2.5) | 0.01 |
| Mother’s region of birth | ||||||||||||
| East Asia | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| North America | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.3) | 0.3 | (0.03, 2.2) | 1.6 | (1.3, 2.0) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.6) | ||||
| SE Asia/Pacific Islands | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.2) | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.0) | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) | ||||
| Other | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.2) | 0.0009 | 1.5 | (0.4, 5.4) | 0.36 | 1.6 | (1.2, 2.1) | <0.0001 | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.6) | 0.54 |
| Father’s region of birth | ||||||||||||
| East Asia | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| North America | 0.1 | (0.02, 0.3) | 0.5 | (0.1, 2.2) | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.7) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) | ||||
| SE Asia/Pacific Islands | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.0) | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.5) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.0) | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.1) | ||||
| Other | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.1) | <0.0001 | 1.5 | (0.4, 5.4) | 0.42 | 1.5 | (1.1, 2.0) | 0.0003 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | 0.62 |
| Number of years in United States | ||||||||||||
| 0–5 | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| 6–10 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.7) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.6) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.6) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.4) | ||||
| 11–20 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.2) | ||||
| 21+ | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.1) | 0.36 | 1.6 | (1.2, 1.9) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.3) | 0.98 | ||
| (Born in North America) | 0.1 | (0.07, 0.2) | <0.0001 | (Not estimated) | 1.5 | (1.2, 1.8) | 0.0004 | (Not estimated) | ||||
| Primary language | ||||||||||||
| Asian language only | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| English only | 0.1 | (0.1, 0.3) | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.2) | 1.5 | (1.3, 1.8) | 1.7 | (1.4, 2.2) | ||||
| Asian + English/other language | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.6) | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.0) | 1.2 | (1.1, 1.4) | 1.6 | (1.3, 1.9) | ||||
| Other/Multiple | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.0) | <0.0001 | 1.2 | (0.3, 4.3) | 0.17 | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.9) | <0.0001 | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.2) | <0.0001 |
| Ever received shots for hepatitis A | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.7) | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.2) | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.7) | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.7) | ||||
| Not sure | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.6) | <0.0001 | 0.6 | (0.4, 0.8) | 0.002 | 0.6 | (0.6, 0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.7 | (0.6, 0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Ever received shots for hepatitis B | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.3) | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.4) | 0.3 | (0.3, 0.4) | 0.3 | (0.3, 0.4) | ||||
| Not sure | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.5) | <0.0001 | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.6 | (0.5, 0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.7 | (0.6, 0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Ever diagnosed with hepatitis B by a doctor | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 23.4 | (14.2, 38.5) | 19.7 | (11.5, 33.7) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.8) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.8) | ||||
| Not sure | 2.3 | (1.4, 3.6) | <0.0001 | 2.0 | (1.3, 3.3) | <0.0001 | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) | 0.02 | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.3) | 0.06 |
| Family history of hepatitis B | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 2.7 | (1.8, 4.1) | 2.5 | (1.6, 3.9) | 0.7 | (0.5, 0.9) | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.0) | ||||
| Not sure | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.8) | <0.0001 | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 0.0002 | 0.8 | (0.7, 0.9) | 0.002 | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.1) | 0.13 |
| Current health insurance | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.7) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.2) | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.1) | ||||
| Not sure | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.2) | <0.0001 | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.6) | 0.008‡ | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 0.66 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | 0.79 |
| Current medical provider | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.8) | 0.6 | (0.4, 0.9) | 1.3 | (1.1, 1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.2) | ||||
| Not sure | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.1) | <0.0001 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) | <0.0001 | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.0) | <0.0001 | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.1) | <0.0001‡ |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
* Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, region of birth, and current medical provider status
†Adjusted for age, region of birth, and primary language
‡Having missing information was statistically significantly associated with the outcome (data not shown)