Table 1.

Biological activities of polyphenol compounds isolated from natural sources

Compounds	Source	Type of study	Results	Reference
Crude tea polyphenolic compounds	Camellia sinensis	in vitro and in vivo	inhibit attachment and GTF activity; inhibit caries in rats	Otake et al. [1991]
Polyphenols/oolong tea	Camellia sinensis	in vitro	inhibit GTF activity	Nakahara et al. [1993]
Monomeric-catechin-free fraction/oolong tea	Camellia sinensis	in vitro	inhibit GTF activity	Ooshima et al. [1993]
Monomeric-catechin-free fraction/oolong tea	Camellia sinensis	in vivo	inhibits caries in rats	Ooshima et al. [1998]
Polymeric polyphenol fraction/oolong tea	Camellia sinensis	in vitro	inhibit GTF activity	Matsumoto et al. [2003]
Monomeric compounds	Camellia sinensis	in vitro	antibacterial activity against mutans streptococci	Sasaki et al. [2004]
Cranberry juice fractions	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro	inhibit biofilm adhesion	Johnson-White et al. [2006]
Cranberry juice	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro	interfere with adhesion and the initial stages of biofilm formation	Yamanaka et al. [2004]
High-molecular-weight constituent/cranberry juice	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro	inhibit GTF and FTF activity	Steinberg et al. [2004]
Flavonols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro	inhibit GTF and F-ATPase activities and acid production by S. mutans	Duarte et al. [2006]
Low-molecular-weight polyphenols	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro	inhibit GTF and F-ATPase activities and acid production by S. mutans	Gregoire et al. [2007]
Proanthocyanidins of various degrees of polymerization	Vaccinum macrocarpon	in vitro and in vivo	inhibit attachment and GTF activity; reduce the incidence of smooth surface caries in rats	Koo et al. [2010]
Flavonoids	propolis from Apis mellifera	in vivo	inhibit biofilm formation and caries induction in rats	Koo et al. [1999]
Apigenin and tt-farnesol	propolis from Apis mellifera	in vitro	inhibit GTF and change the permeability or fluidity of mutans streptococci cell membrane	Koo et al. [2002, 2003]