HS-evoked sympathoexcitation is reduced by MIF and augmented by [C60S]-MIF expression in the PVN. Sympathoexcitation was measured as the percentage increase (peak response) from baseline over the 40-second period of HS (A), the total increase above baseline (B), and the duration of the response (C). Values in bar graphs are mean±SEM from rats that had received bilateral injections of saline, AAV2-CBA-eGFP, AAV2-CBA-MIF, or AAV2-CBA-[C60S]-MIF into the PVN 10 days earlier. (*=P<0.05, 1-way ANOVA; A: F(3,20)=11.432; B: F(3,20)=24.891; C: F(3,20)=77.750; n=6 rats per group).