Table 1.

Onconeuronal antibodies: psychiatric and neurological manifestations.

Onconeuronal antibody	Psychiatric manifestation	Neurologic findings	MRI	Treatment
Hu	Short-term memory loss, ‘confusion’, Wernicke Korsakow-like manifestation	Seizures	Mesial temporal lobe changes, extralimbic manifestations	Immunomodulation, steroids, cyclophosphamide tumour treatment
Ma2	Short-term memory loss, less confusion Panic reactions, ‘nervous breakdown’, obsessive–compulsive disorders	Brainstem involvement, hypothalamic dysfunction, diencephalic syndrome, sleep dysregulation (excessive daytime sleepiness)	Mesial temporal lobe	Improvement and stabilization can occur following tumour treatment
CV2/CRMP	Cognitive defects, manic mood, obsessive compulsive disorders, Depression, Personality changes	Chorea extrapyramidal disorders, apraxia, optic neuropathy, disorder of smell and taste	Changes may occur	Unclear*
Anti-amphiphysin	Short-term memory loss, ‘confusion’, Wernicke Korsakow-like	Myoclonus, rigidity, stiff person syndrome		Unclear*

^*PubMed search with CV2, CRMP5, amphiphysin with ‘limbic’ and ‘treatment’ yielded no results, with only reviews available.