Table 3.

Univariate linear regression results for captan in air, hand rinse, and patch samples

Covariate	Air (n = 141)		Hand (n = 143)		R. thigh (n = 141)		L. thigh (n = 139)		R. forearm (n = 142)		L. forearm (n = 143)
	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
	ln(captan., μg m−3)		ln(captan, μg)		ln(captan, μg)		ln(captan, μg)		ln(captan, μg)		ln(captan, μg)
Demographica
Age, years (median = 62.5)	−0.037	0.013	0.0192	0.37	0.0097	0.74	0.0252	0.39	−0.0174	0.42	−0.016	0.51
Number years applied fungicides (median = 22)	0.0027	0.84	0.0189	0.29	0.0413	0.096	0.0529	0.038	0.0255	0.16	0.0317	0.11
Education, more than high school (n = 52)	−0.532	0.18	−0.766	0.17	−0.485	0.55	−1.134	0.16	0.0361	0.95	−0.345	0.57
Application size
Ln(captan a.i. applied, kg, median = 1.0)	0.519	<0.0001	0.491	<0.0001	0.598	<0.0001	0.488	0.0097	0.550	<0.0001	0.646	<0.0001
Ln(number of acres sprayed, median = 3)	0.632	0.0001	0.511	0.003	0.820	<0.0001	0.648	0.012	0.695	0.0003	0.820	<0.0001
Ln(duration applied, min, median = 76)	0.746	0.005	0.543	0.022	0.977	<0.0001	1.542	0.0002	1.206	<0.0001	1.283	<0.0001
Number tank mixes applied (median = 1)	0.077	0.36	0.173	0.087	0.348	0.0007	0.427	0.003	0.420	0.0002	0.386	0.0006
Mixing
WP formulation (n = 117) (liquid = ref.)	2.915	0.0002	0.064	0.92	2.614	0.086	3.020	0.023	2.252	0.006	2.177	0.020
Mixed outdoors (n = 116) (shed = ref.)	−0.372	0.39	0.285	0.62	0.292	0.69	1.138	0.19	−0.324	0.61	0.431	0.55
Wore CR glove—mixing (n = 94)	−0.196	0.60	−1.490	0.0005	−1.581	0.024	−1.522	0.040	−0.642	0.25	−1.584	0.009
Wore coverall/suit—mixingb (n = 69)	0.541	0.10	−0.204	0.60	−1.226	0.010	−2.030	0.0004	−1.161	0.016	−0.428	0.45
Mean captan conc. in tank, mg l−1 (median = 1.6)	0.272	0.008	0.411	0.004	0.300	0.083	0.165	0.39	0.188	0.22	0.181	0.26
Washed hands after mixing (n = 32)	−0.063	0.86	0.0008	1.0	0.0562	0.89	−0.343	0.54	−0.239	0.64	−0.835	0.13
Applying
Used additive(s)c in tank mix (n = 47)	0.585	0.12	0.365	0.457	1.933	0.002	1.602	0.022	1.518	0.002	2.031	0.0002
AB application method (n = 79) (HS = ref.)	1.261	0.0006	1.797	0.0002	0.864	0.21	−0.071	0.92	0.772	0.14	1.312	0.019
Wore CR glove—applying (n = 85)	−0.252	0.48	−1.053	0.018	−1.802	0.0008	−1.344	0.028	−0.815	0.10	−0.963	0.068
Wore coverall/suit—applying (n = 71)	0.372	0.26	−0.097	0.81	−0.873	0.10	−1.741	0.004	−1.074	0.026	−0.783	0.140
Tractor used (109)	1.222	0.006	1.148	0.058	0.633	0.45	0.020	0.98	0.135	0.83	0.838	0.23
Enclosed cab on tractor (n = 18)	0.641	0.22	0.350	0.62	1.315	0.18	0.343	0.74	0.602	0.43	0.661	0.42
Dust filter in cab (n = 12)	0.291	0.60	−0.515	0.44	1.024	0.17	−0.709	0.46	0.193	0.82	0.224	0.80
Late tree fruit stage (n = 101) (early = ref.)d	0.525	0.14	0.663	0.099	1.068	0.010	1.185	0.031	1.541	0.003	1.720	0.0007
Self-reported HPEE (n = 8)	−1.119	0.13	0.513	0.47	−0.637	0.46	0.133	0.90	−0.087	0.91	−1.50	0.11
Sprayed high density trees (n = 11)	−0.014	0.98	0.0063	0.99	−0.123	0.92	−0.173	0.89	0.0361	0.95	0.507	0.63
Equipment cleaning/repair
Cleaned nozzles (n = 47)	0.0014	1.0	0.412	0.24	−0.0014	1.0	−0.653	0.14	−0.172	0.70	−0.802	0.071
Cleaned spray equipment (n = 67)	−0.318	0.30	−0.119	0.73	−0.566	0.13	−0.196	0.66	−0.387	0.37	−0.729	0.099
Repaired spray equipment (n = 26)	0.253	0.46	0.266	0.48	0.191	0.62	0.672	0.15	0.752	0.085	0.872	0.052
Ambient conditions
Mean ambient temperature (°C) (median = 23.5)	0.027	0.24	−0.012	0.65	0.044	0.15	0.082	0.028	0.043	0.17	0.0026	0.94
Mean relative humidity (%) (median = 55)	−0.0084	0.29	0.0020	0.85	0.0068	0.52	0.0157	0.22	0.0019	0.88	0.0103	0.42
Mean wind speed (km h−1) (median = 2.8)	0.0078	0.85	0.0324	0.54	0.0445	0.39	0.0427	0.49	0.020	0.76	−0.0037	0.95

Bolded values are statistically significant (P < 0.05). AB, airblast; conc., concentration; HPEE, high pesticide exposure event; HS, hand spray; L, left; Liq, liquid; R, right; ref., referent; WP, wettable powder.

^aDemographic covariates N = 74, mixing covariates N = 139, and all other covariates N = 144.

^bIncludes fabric coveralls, disposable coveralls (e.g. Tyvek), and spray suits.

^cIncludes spreaders, stickers, surfactants, and defoamers.

^dEarly = dormancy to petal fall and late = fruit set to harvest.