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. 2011 Mar 22;55(6):620–633. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer008

Table 6.

Variance components for air, hand rinse, and patch samples reported separately for multiple regression models that included as a measure of application size either kilogram captan a.i. applied or application method. Total variance was computed from a model containing worker-only as a random effect

Application size measure Worker-only model
Model with random and fixed effects
Total (between and within) Variance ratioa, between-worker Variance ratioa, within-worker Between-worker
Within-worker
Fixedb
TS2y(BS2y,WS2y) BR0.95c WR0.95d BS2y(%) BGSD WS2y(%) WGSD %
Air k.g. captan a.i. application method 2.52 (1.87, 0.65) 212 24 0.51 (20.2) 2.0 0.79 (31.4) 2.4 48.4
2.52 (1.87, 0.65) 212 24 0.70 (27.8) 2.3 0.71 (28.2) 2.3 44.0
Hand k.g. captan a.i. application method 4.87 (3.81, 1.06) 2100 57 1.83 (37.6) 3.9 1.05 (21.6) 2.8 40.8
4.87 (3.81, 1.06) 2100 57 1.77 (36.3) 3.8 1.06 (21.8) 2.8 41.9
R. thigh k.g. captan a.i. application method 8.86 (8.02, 0.84) 66300 36 4.82 (54.4) 9.0 0.52 (5.8) 2.1 39.8
8.86 (8.02, 0.84) 66300 36 5.54 (62.5) 10.5 0.60 (6.8) 2.2 30.7
L. thigh k.g. captan a.i. application method 9.12 (7.66, 1.46) 51500 114 3.67 (40.2) 6.8 1.26 (13.8) 3.1 46.0
9.12 (7.66, 1.46) 51500 114 5.41 (59.3) 10.2 1.34 (14.7) 3.2 26.0
R. forearm k.g. captan a.i. application method 5.62 (3.70, 1.92) 1880 229 2.10 (37.4) 4.3 1.38 (24.6) 3.2 38.0
5.62 (3.70, 1.92) 1880 229 2.11 (37.5) 4.3 1.90 (33.8) 4.0 28.7
L. forearm k.g. captan a.i. application method 6.21 (4.55, 1.66) 4300 156 3.27 (52.6) 6.1 0.62 (9.9) 2.2 37.5
6.21 (4.55, 1.66) 4300 156 3.20 (51.5) 6.0 0.88 (14.2) 2.6 34.3

K (number of individuals) = 72; N (number of measurements) = 134 (l. thigh), 136 (air, r. thigh), 137 (r. forearm), and 138 (hand and l. forearm). TS2y, total variance; BS2y, between-worker variance; BGSD, between-worker GSD; WS2y, within-worker variance; WGSD, within-worker GSD; R, right; L, left; LOD, limit of detection.

a

Caution should be used when comparing variance ratios computed using maximum likelihood estimation methods for data below the LOD (as we did) to variance ratios computed using substitution methods (e.g. LOD/2) for data below the LOD.

b

Percentage of the total variance explained by the fixed effects, i.e. % fixed = 100−[BS2y (%) + WS2y (%)] in model with random (worker) and fixed effects.

c

Computed as: e[3.92 ln(BGSD)].

d

Computed as: e[3.92 ln(WGSD)].