Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Dutch | Moroccan | Turkish | Cape Verdean | Dutch Antilleans | Suriname Creoles | Suriname Hindustani | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,242 | 208 | 240 | 133 | 108 | 76 | 86 | |
| Late antenatal care entry (%) | 10.6 | 33.2 | 20.8 | 24.1 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 15.1 | P < 0.001 |
| Age in years (mean-sd) | 31.1 (4.6) | 27.7 (4.9) | 25.7 (4.4) | 26.7 (5.7) | 25.7 (4.7) | 26.9 (6.1) | 26.4 (4.9) | P < 0.001 |
| Perceived health status (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Excellent | 13.1 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 12.8 | 10.2 | 5.3 | 5.8 | |
| Very good | 37.8 | 18.8 | 10.3 | 17.3 | 19.4 | 25.0 | 23.3 | |
| Good | 42.1 | 54.3 | 63.8 | 51.9 | 57.4 | 51.3 | 52.3 | |
| Moderate | 3.1 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 14 | |
| Poor | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | |
| Missing | 3.8 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 3.5 | |
| Paid job (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Yes | 72.4 | 19.2 | 28.3 | 42.9 | 19.4 | 39.5 | 30.2 | |
| No | 12.8 | 31.7 | 39.6 | 21.8 | 50.9 | 23.7 | 40.7 | |
| Missing | 14.8 | 49.0 | 32.1 | 35.3 | 29.6 | 36.8 | 29.1 | |
| Educational level (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Lower | 3.6 | 24.0 | 27.1 | 22.6 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 12.8 | |
| Intermediate | 35.4 | 55.8 | 55.4 | 63.2 | 71.3 | 64.5 | 73.3 | |
| Higher | 60.1 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 15.8 | 10.5 | |
| Missing | 0.8 | 8.2 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 3.5 | |
| Household arrangement (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Married | 42.8 | 93.3 | 83.8 | 12.0 | 15.7 | 10.5 | 34.9 | |
| Cohabiting | 47.7 | 2.4 | 6.3 | 32.3 | 29.6 | 31.6 | 38.4 | |
| No partner | 8.6 | 1.4 | 5.8 | 51.1 | 52.8 | 57.9 | 22.1 | |
| Missing | 0.8 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 0 | 4.7 | |
| Parity (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| 0 | 58.7 | 34.1 | 53.3 | 61.7 | 60.2 | 57.9 | 59.3 | |
| ≥1 | 41.1 | 65.9 | 46.7 | 36.8 | 38.9 | 40.8 | 40.7 | |
| Missing | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0 | |
| Planned pregnancy (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Yes | 74.8 | 60.6 | 55.8 | 37.6 | 30.6 | 40.8 | 44.2 | |
| No | 21.4 | 32.2 | 37.9 | 52.6 | 62.0 | 55.3 | 52.3 | |
| Missing | 3.8 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 3.5 | |
| Pregnancy concern (mean-sd) | 2.1 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.6) | P < 0.001 |
| Folic acid use (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Before pregnancy | 44.4 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 18.0 | 21.3 | 9.2 | 15.1 | |
| When woman first knew about pregnancy | 37.3 | 16.3 | 24.2 | 24.1 | 21.3 | 42.1 | 39.5 | |
| Later in pregnancy | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 9.2 | 5.8 | |
| Not | 13.3 | 63.5 | 52.5 | 49.6 | 43.5 | 36.8 | 38.4 | |
| Missing | 1.8 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.2 | |
| Maternal smoking (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Never | 49.9 | 91.8 | 48.3 | 61.7 | 63.0 | 53.9 | 62.8 | |
| Stopped during pregnancy | 32.9 | 1.9 | 18.3 | 27.1 | 21.3 | 34.2 | 19.8 | |
| Continued during pregnancy | 15.9 | 4.3 | 32.9 | 10.5 | 13.9 | 10.5 | 16.3 | |
| Missing | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | |
| Maternal alcohol use (%) | P < 0.001 | |||||||
| Never | 35.3 | 97.1 | 94.6 | 54.9 | 67.6 | 60.5 | 81.4 | |
| Stopped during pregnancy | 36.2 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 36.8 | 23.1 | 27.6 | 14.0 | |
| Continued in pregnancy | 27.2 | 0 | 1.7 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 3.5 | |
| Missing | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.2 | |