Table 2.

In vitro antiprotozoal medium throughput screening of extracts obtained from the selected species. P. falciparum: Multidrug-resistant K1 strain erythrocytic stages; T. cruzi: Talahuen strain trypomastigotes; L. donovani: MHOM/ET/67/L82 strain axenic amastigotes.

		Parasite growth inhibition (%)
		P. falciparum Erythrocytic stages		T. cruzi Trypomastigotes		L. donovani Axenic amastigotes
Species	Extract	1.6 μg/mL	9.7μg/mL	1.6 μg/mL	9.7 μg/mL	1.6 μg/mL	9.7 μg/mL
B. bifurcata	E	0	25	18	0	16	40
	A	36	100	0	78	31	100
C. jubata	E	0	0	11	0	13	34
	A	3	71	19	0	20	40
C. tomentosum	E	0	2	0	0	15	29
	A	0	0	0	0	0	0
C. crispus	E	0	0	0	0	13	95
	A	28	92	1	0	0	12
D. polypodioides	E	nd
	A	8	81	6	7	14	41
D. dichotoma	E	nd
	A	19	98	21	17	27	83
D. carnosa	E	0	6	0	0	0	15
	A	9	71	10	14	9	31
F. serratus	E	0	0	0	0	0	15
	A	0	42	0	3	0	14
G. latifolium	E	nd
	A	1	93	0	0	18	49
G. gracilis	E	0	0	0	9	21	29
	A	5	92	0	0	19	36
G. turuturu	E	nd
	A	42	97	15	14	9	33
H. flosculosus	E	nd
	A	19	94	17	21	22	49
H. elongata	E	0	5	17	13	20	40
	A	14	81	0	18	13	43
L. digitata	E	0	0	0	9	0	11
	A	0	64	0	3	0	8
M. stellatus	E	0	0	0	4	11	20
	A	42	94	8	0	22	39
P. palmata	E	0	0	0	0	0	0
	A	0	1	17	36	0	10
P. canaliculata	E	15	30	0	0	7	32
	A	0	41	0	13	14	37
S. muticum	E	0	0	0	1	8	37
	A	50	96	0	9	4	48
U. lactuca	E	0	0	0	3	0	26
	A	0	28	0	0	0	11
U. clathrata	E	0	0	0	0	0	0
	A	0	13	0	0	0	7
Standard drugs		0.003 μg/mL	0.018 μg/mL	0.5 μg/mL	2.4 μg/mL	0.2 μg/mL	1.2 μg/mL
Artemisinin		68	100
Benznidazole				45	91
Miltefosine						59	85

(E): EtOH 60% extract, (A): ethyl acetate extract, nd: not determined. Compounds for which parasite growth inhibition was greater than 50% at 9.7 μg/mL were assayed to determine IC₅₀ and evaluate cytotoxicity.