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. 2011 Jun;77(12):3982–3987. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00193-11

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Recovered titers of feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), murine norovirus (MNV-1), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) after treating confluent Crandell Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells, RAW 264.7 cells, and fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK4) cells with grape seed extract (GSE) and water (control). (a) Confluent CRFK, RAW 264.7, and FRhK4 cell layers were treated with water or GSE after viral infection with FCV-F9, MNV-1, or HAV, respectively. (b) Confluent CRFK, RAW 264.7, and FRhK4 cell layers were treated with water or GSE prior to viral infection with FCV-F9, MNV-1, or HAV, respectively. The concentrations of GSE used for CRFK, RAW 267.4, and HAV cells were 0.4 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, and 0.6 mg/ml, respectively. The initial viral titer for all three viruses was ∼2 log10 PFU/ml.