Table 2.

Key Characteristics Across All Women’s CoOp Studies

Characteristic	Method(s) of operationalization
Education	Educate women about HIV/AIDS, STIs, substance abuse, and violence prevention within their cultural context (eg, by race/ethnicity and geography) to personalize risk
Formative assessment	Conduct formative assessment, using focus groups and/or interviews and meetings of the CAB and expert panel, to address specific issues of the target population
Focus on at-risk women	Focus on women who are at risk for HIV because of risky sexual behavior, substance abuse, and/or violent victimization
Community-based sites	Establish community-based sites that are easily accessible and comfortable for the target population
Interventionists	Hire and train women from target-population communities to deliver the intervention
Training	Conduct intensive training with hired staff, and supplement training with an intervention manual
Intervention sessions	Provide 2 or more brief individual and/or group intervention sessions
Community support	Establish community support for the intervention from established CAB members, community members, organizations, and service providers
Quality assurance	Implement and maintain quality assurance procedures

Note. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CAB, community advisory board; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STI, sexually transmitted infection.