Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Res. 2011 May-Jun;60(3 Suppl):S5–14. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e318216dfd3

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Some patterns of individual change over time before and after intervention (shaded area). Interpretation of the experimental effect varies, depending upon the pretest and post-test trajectories. (Adapted from Campbell. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for research, 1E. ©1966 Wadsworth, a part of Cengage Learning, Inc. Reproduced by permission. www.cengage.com/permissions).