Figure 5.

TNT development is a property of stressed cells. (a) Conditioned medium from serum depletion (7 days) cells was supplemented by serum and added to second batch of cells (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E. (b) Experiment procedure for co-culture of RFP and EGFP-expressing astrocytes. (c) Co-cultured cells were pictured at red (top panel), green (middle panel) and merged (bottom panel) filters. Scale bar: 20 μm. (d) When stress was applied to red cells, TNTs developed from red cells toward green cells (left panel), not from green cells to red cells (right panel) (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E, ^**P<0.01 compared with control groups, ^##P<0.01 compared with H₂O₂ group. (e) When stress was applied to green cells, TNTs developed from green cells toward red cells (right panel), not from red cells to green cells (left panel) (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E., ^**P<0.01 compared with control groups, ^##P<0.01 compared with H₂O₂ group. (f) TNT induction in MG63 (top panel) and HT1080 (bottom panel) cells (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E., ^**P<0.01 compared with control groups. (g) Astrocytes in culture under the control conditions. (h) Heparin-coated acrylic beads soaked with EGF were added to cell culture. Scale bar for g and h 50 μm. (i) Astrocytes in culture under the control conditions. (j) Heparin-coated acrylic beads soaked with TGF-α were added to cell culture. Scale bar for i and j: 100 μm. (k) Quantification of TNT induction with EGF-containing beads added in astrocytes (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E. (l) Quantification of TNT induction with TGF-α-containing beads added in astrocytes (n=3). Data represented mean±S.E.